三、英语拼音怎么来拼读：(也就是单词的音标怎么读。/与我们汉语拼音很相似) （拼读规则：以元音为中心划分音节，按音节来拼读。）拼读口诀：元音为中心，划分音节、按音节拼读；多音节加重音、多音节一重多轻发音，轻音节怎么轻怎么发音。重开音节读长音，轻/闭音节读短音。例子：he[hi:], name [neim], table[`teibl], bicycle[`baisikl], red, cap, and, thank, basket, yellow,四、英文字母和常见字母组合的发音规则（或一般规律）：

1. 为什么要掌握字母和常见字母组合的一般发音规律？目的只有一个，让我们能够做到------见字读音、音义结合。记住词形、服务拼写。第二步就是要反过来，学会语音认字（类似我们的拼音认字），通过多加练习，逐步达到听音写字、音义结合的水平。第三步是形义结合，练习英语汉语意义对应翻译。

2. 英语26个字母和常见字母组合的一般发音规律：（要求熟记于心，脱口而出）?总口诀：元音字母音多变，熟记规则也不难。辅音字母显易单，见面就把音来念。字母组合固定音，千锤百炼习语感。遇见生词找规律，划分音节顺口连，元音字母在中间，辅音字母两边站，字母组合算一个，熟能生巧难亦简。

?辅音字母发音小口诀：辅音字母显易单，见面就把音来念。b发[b], c发[k], ci(y) c多发[s]; d发[d], f [f], g发[g] [dV], [V]少见; h [h], j发[dV], k / l [k] [l]可分连; m [m], n [n][N], p [p] q [k] r 发[r];

s 最多[s]和[z], 趋唇[F] [V]也常见; sir, this, sit, is, his, whose, please, sure[F], usually[V], x 发音剪头端，[ks]多于[gz]面；six, pencil-box, excuse, exercise; exam, (后接重读元音)t 发[t], v 发[v], w 辅音[w]来念；teacher, it, very, voice, river, with, swim, wash, whi最后一个字母z，发好[z]音才算完。zoo, zero, size, puzzle,

ge\\dge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];

ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。

wr 发卷趋 [r], 双写分节不分音。{ 动词或复数词尾s /es, 多发[s][z]/ 和[iz]; ts [ts] ds[dz]}

例词： wh发音 [h] 和 [w], th 常发 [W] 和 [T]；ch/tch多发 [tF], 有时发音 [F] 或 [k]；

sh [F], ph [f], gh 不发或发 [f](词尾)； sh ---[ ] shoe, ship, sheep, fish, wash, ash ph ---[ ] photo, telephone, phrase gh ---[ ] right, light, daughter [ ] laugh, ge\\dge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];

(d)ge ---[ ] orange, page, bridge, fridge, porridge(麦片粥，稀饭)

ck ---[ ] black, kick, lock, back

kn ---[ ] knife, know, knock, knee(膝盖), kneel(跪下), knit (编织), ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。ng ---[ ] sing, song, long, wing [ ] English, hungry

qu ---[ ] quick, quite(相当，十分), quiet (安静的，平静的), quarter, require,

wr 发卷趋 [r], wr ---[ ] wrong, write, wrap(包，裹), wrist(手腕), wrest(拧，扭),

双写分节不分音：miss, apple, egg, sorry, yellow, umbrella {双写元音字母：see, zoo, }

ts/tes ---[ ] its tail(它的尾巴), two baskets /boats(两个篮子/小船), my coats /shirts (我的上衣/衬衫), three hats(三顶帽子), five cats(五只猫), many streets(许多街道), two tea-pots (两个茶壶), some carrots (一些胡萝卜), What’s this? It’s a pen. sits,

ds/des---[ ] two birds, two hands, English words, their beds, their heads,

辅音连缀：pr ---[ ] practice, praise, pray, press, price, proud,

pl---[ ] please, play, plane, plan, place, plain, plenty (丰富, 大量), plod(沉重地走, 辛勤工作), plop (扑通落下), plum(李子), plug(插头,插上),

br---[ ] brag(吹牛), brake (闸，刹车), brain, break, bread, breed (使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养),

bl---[ ] black, bleed, blind, blouse, blood, blue,

cr-/kr---[ ] crab(螃蟹), cradle(摇篮), cream, crop, cricket([昆]蟋蟀, [运动]板球)

cl-/kl---[ ] class, claim((根据权利)要求得到, 认领, 声称, 主张, 需要) clean, clear,

gr---[ ] grade, grass, grape, graceful(优雅的，温文尔雅)，green, great,

gl---[ ] glass, glad, gleam (发微光, 使闪烁), glide(滑行,滑翔), globe(地球仪),

fr---[ ] France, French, free, fresh (新鲜的, 无经验的), frequent (频繁的), friend (朋友),

fl---[ ] flat, flag, flame(火焰,热情), flap (拍打, 鼓翼而飞, 飘动), flares (喇叭裤),

sl---[ ] slave (奴隶), slander (诽谤), slaughter (屠宰, 残杀, 屠杀), sleep (睡眠, 睡觉),

sm---[ ] small (小的, 少的), smart (聪明的, 漂亮的, 灵巧地, 时髦地),

sn---[ ] snow, snake, snack (吃)快餐/小吃)), snail (蜗牛), snap (猛咬),

sk---[ ] skate, skating, skirt, ski (=skee滑雪), skim (掠过, 滑过, 浏览),

sp---[ ] space (空间, 间隔, 距离, 空地, 余地), spade (铲, 铁锹), Spain (西班牙),

st---[ ] stand, stamp (邮票, 跺(脚), 顿(足)), stage (舞台,戏剧,举行),

sw---[ ] swab ([swCb]n.拖把, 药签,vt. 拭抹, 擦洗), swag(摇晃, 水潭,垂花饰), 突然袭击), sword(剑), swot(at../ for../up; vi.用功读书vt.用功学习n.苦读的人, 辛苦的工作),

dw---[ ] dwarf ([dwC:f]n.矮子, 侏儒v.(使)变矮小), dwell(at../in...居住停留于;

tw---[ ] twelve, twelfth, twenty, twentieth, twain ([twein]n.两, 双, 二, 一对), twin(s),

thr---[ ] three, thread(线，细丝, 线索, 思路, 螺纹), threaten(恐吓, 威胁),

?字母L的两种读音口诀：音节开头发清音[l -], 音节末尾模糊音[- l],

[l - ] lazy, like, look, long, lubber ([`lQbE] adj.粗笨的, 笨拙的n.傻大个),

[- l ] girl[E:l], ball [C:l], small, school[u:l], well[el], smell, level[(E)l], smile[ail], hill[il]常见音节尾音总结：[i:l / il / el/ Al / Ql / El / E:l / C:l / Cl / u:l / ul / ail / eil / Cil / iEl / uEl / aul / Eul / ]

[-pl / -bl / -tl / -dl / -kl / -gl / -fl / -vl / -sl / -zl / ]

[-pEl / -bEl / -tEl / -dEl / -kEl / -gEl / -fEl / -vEl / -sEl / -zEl ]

?元音字母a e i(y) o u 的发音口诀：元音字母音多变，熟记规则也不难。

重开音节多长音，[ei][i:][ai][Eu][ju:/u:]来拼；重闭音节/轻音短，[A][e][i][C][Q][u][E]

a接r /ss常发[B:/A], 还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。e的发音首数[e]，空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E]。

重开音节i发[ai]，重闭/轻音短[i][E]。o发长音[Eu][C:][u:]，短音[Q][C][E] one殊。

u字多发 [ju:]和[Q]，忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。y头发[j]重读[ai]，轻音/结尾[i]变来。

ay ,ey, o/uy，多发[ei][i],[Ci][ai]。r前元音常卷舌，S后弱音须强化。

相近发音不规则，省力顺口是关键。相近/强化加弱化，使得元音多变化。

例词：a--- [/ ei / B:/ A/ C:/ C/ E/ i / ] 强化音[ei]，弱化音[E]a接r /ss常发[B:/A], 还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。

name [ei], table [ei], car [B:], park [B:], class [B:], basket [B:/A], as [A], ass [A], father [B:], afterward(s) [B:/E](然后, 后来), dollar [E],cap [A], catch [A], grammar [A/E], America [E], asleep, alone, afraid, banana [E /B:/E], woman [E], water [C:], watch [C], what [C], war [C:], orange [i],

e--- [/ i:/ e/ i / E/ -*(词尾空音) / ] 强化音[i:]，弱化音[E/ i ] e的发音首数[e]，空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E]。

he [i:], she [i:], we [i:], me [i:], evening [i:], red [e], pencil [e], empty [e], desk [e], umbrella [e], French [e], basket [i], women [i], pretty [i], the [E / i:], children [E], open [E], hundred [E / i:],

/ -*(词尾空音) /---- whose [z], house [s], nice [s], face [s], white [t], name [m], give [v], side [d], wake [k], prize [z], fine [n], tube [b], orange [dV], employee [i:] (职工, 雇员, 店员), apple [pl], table [bl], little [tl], middle [dl], bicycle [kl], eagle [gl](鹰),

i--- [ /ai / i:/ i / E / ] 强化音[ai/i:]，弱化音[E/ i] 重开音节发[i: /ai]，重闭/轻音短[i][E]。

right [ai], bicycle [ai], white [ai], police [i:], this [i], which [i], his [i],building [i], beautiful [E], holiday [E],

o--- [ /Eu/ Q/ C/ C:/u:/ u / E / wQ-] 强化音[Eu/ C:/u:]，弱化音[E]

o发长音[Eu][C:][u:]，短音[Q][C][E] one殊。

no [Eu], cold [Eu], those [Eu], come [Q], some [Q], mother [Q], brother [Q], son [Q], month [Q], dog [C], not [C], hot [C], sorry [C], shop [C], locker [C], box [C], orange [C:], whose [u:], who [u:], do [u:], to [u:], two [u:], woman [u], policeman [E], today [E], occasion [E](场合, 时机, 机会), aeroplane [E], // one [wQn], once [wQns], reservoir [`rezEvwB:],

u--- [ /ju:/ Q / u / u: /i / ] 强化音[ju:/u:]，弱化音[i]u字多发 [ju:]和[Q]，忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。

use [ju:], usually [ju:], tube [ju:], music [ju:], pupil [ju:], rubber [Q], umbrella [Q], mum [Q], hungry [Q], bus [Q], just [Q],cup [Q],put [u], full [u], pull [u], ruler [u:],Sue [u:],blue [u:],minute [i], busy [i]

y--- [ /ai / j / i /] 强化音[ai]，弱化音[i] y头发[j]重读[ai]，轻音/结尾[i]变来。

your [j], you [j], yes [j], yellow [j], young [j], my [ai], why [ai], tyre [ai], style [ai], fry [ai], cry [ai], bicycle [i], baby [i], ready [i], hungry [i], very [i], thirsty [i], empty [i], busy [i], body [i], slowly [i],

?常见元音字母组合发音口诀：字母组合固定音，常受影响发音变；千锤百炼习语感。

组合爱发长/双元(音(重读音节))；常受影响发音变；为了顺口图方便，近似发音相变换。

另有强化加弱化，多个字母省略念。外来/古语不规则(发音)，熟读百遍字腔圆。

a--- ay [ei] day, say, play, way, weekday, birthday, // [i] Sunday, Monday, …

ar [B:] car, star, farm, are, park, garlic, // [E] dollar, collar, grammar, particular [pE`tikju:lE],

al [C:] all, ball, small, hall, walk, chalk, // [B:] half,

[C:l / Al / El ]非组合式的情况：although[C:l], alga [`AlgE](藻类, 海藻), algal [`AlgEl](adj.海藻的), algebra [Al`dVibrE] (代数学), signal [lsigEl](信号/发信号, 用信号通知),

au [C:] daughter, fault, audience, cause, August[`C:gEst] (八月), august [C:`gQst](令人敬畏的, 威严的),

[C] because, [au] kraut(泡菜), [B:] laugh,

air [ZE] air, chair, hair, pair, fair,

ai [ei] aid, aim, rain, afraid, wait, maid, straight, faith (信念, 宗教信仰, 忠实,),

aw [C:] draw, law, saw, awful, raw,

e--- ea [i:] teacher, tea, eat, meat, read, clean, heal, [e] bread, breakfast, head, [ei] great, break, steak,

ee [i:] meet, teeth, see, three, green, week, freezing, queen,

ei [ei] eight, weigh, weight, [i:] receive, ceiling, deceit (n.欺骗, 谎言), deceive(v. 欺骗, 谎言), receipt (收条, 收据, 收到), perceive (v.察觉感知, 感到), conceit (原义;自负, 幻想),

er [E:] her, herd(兽群, 牧群/放牧), emergency (紧急情况, 紧急突发事件, 非常时刻,), [E] teacher, sister, brother, farmer, worker, letter, over,

ear [iE] ear, hear, near, year, fear, earwig (偷听者), [ZE] pear, wear, swear(宣誓, 发誓),

[E:] early, earth, earn,

ere [iE] here, sphere (球体), hemisphere (半球), [ZE] there, ere (prep/conj. 前于...; 在...以前),

eir [ZE] their,

eer [iE] beer, deer, cheer(欢呼/喝彩), sneer(冷笑,讥笑), jeer(讥讽嘲弄), engineer, ,

ey [ei] they, grey, hey,

ew [ju:] new, few, hew(砍), view(景色, 风景, 观点, 见解), ewe (母羊),

i--- ir [E:] girl, sir, thirsty, shirt, skirt, first, thirty, whirl((使)旋转), stir (轰动, 激起,搅动),

ie [i:] piece, niece(侄女, 甥女), field, thief, believe, belief, achieve(完成, 达到), chief(首领, 领袖, 酋长, 长官//主要的, 首要的, 首席的, 主任的), grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤), relief((痛苦等的)减轻),

ire [aiE] tire(轮胎；使劳累), tired(累的，疲劳的), wire(金属丝, 电线),

igh [ai] right, light, fight, might(也许, 或许; 可能), night, knight,

o--- or [C:] or, for, fork, morning, short, torch, more, [E:] work, worker, [E] actor, doctor, forget,

oa [Eu] boat, coat, goat, goal,

oo [u:]school, food, too, room, tooth, spoon, moon, boot, root, wool, mood(心情, 情绪, 语气, 状态),

[u] book, look, cook, good, football, foot [Q] blood, flood,

ou [au] house, blouse, trousers, mouse, mouth, south, ouch, out, our, hour, flour, sour, mountain,

[Q] young, touch, rough(粗糙的, 粗略的, 大致的, 粗野的), [u:] you, through, rouge [ru:V](擦口红/胭脂), [u]would, could, should, [C:] cough,

ow [au] brown, down, how, now, towel, tower, [Eu] yellow, bowl, show, blow, snow, throw

oy/oi [Ci] boy, toy, enjoy, employ, // noise, noisy, toilet, oil, boil,

our [au] our, flour(面粉) [C:] your, four, course,

ore [C:] before, more, forehead, foresee,

oor [C:/ JE]/ door, floor, moor(荒野;停泊, 系住),

u--- ur [E:] turn, Thursday, hurt, fur, urge, further, urban (城市的, 市内的), suburb, suburbia (郊区居民),

ure picture, future[tFE], // sure[FuE], //pleasure, measure[VE],

ua [JE] usual, usually, February, graduate [`grAdJEt](大学)毕业生, 研究生),

非组合发音： graduate [`grAdjJeit] (v. (使)(大学)毕业), [jJE]January,

uy [ai] buy, guy,

五、音节、音节的结构和类型、音节划分、音节重音和拼读：

1. 音节就是英文单词字母(或发音)的排列单位，一个单位算一节。连读起来轻重缓急，流利有节奏，便于听说阅读。

2. 音节的结构、类型：口诀：完全结构头中尾(音头/音中/音尾)，元音字母占中央(包含组合)，缺头少尾有开闭(音节)，e尾/成音/r音节。

开音节/闭音节：以元音或不发音的e结尾的叫开音节，以辅音结尾的是闭音节。

开音节(词) ：[以开音节结尾] a, area, tea, by, day, no, boy, buy, grey, ba*by, ru*ler, rub*ber, fa*ther, the, she, we, he, bee, ta*ble, ap*ple, name, bi*cy*cle, banana, orange, some,闭音节(词)：bas*ket, bag, cap, class, miss, cross, rain, ti*red, bed, red, yes, egg, sit, it, begin(开始), hot, not, boat, boil(沸腾，煮沸，激动), cup, sun, cut, put, but, mutton(羊肉), meet, woman,

r音节：元音字母(a e i o u) + r构成的独立的音节，也可以前后加辅音字母共同构成音节。

例如：far(远的), arm, er (嗯~), her, tea*cher, ru*ler, sir, girl, stir(轰动, 激起), or, for(为了，对于，因为，适合), short, fur(毛皮), turn, // ar•ti•cle(文章), or•der (命令, 定购, 定制；次序, 顺序,秩序), ur•gent (急迫的, 紧急的), ur•ban (城市的, 市内的),

成音节：辅音字母(有时跟不发音/弱化音的元音字母) + l, m, n, (常常带有不发音的e)可算作一个音节。

例如：la•bel ((贴)标签), pu•pil, pen•cil [sl], ta•ble, bi•cy•cle, lit•tle [tl], ap•ple [pl], 3. 划分音节口诀：音节中心看母音，辅音要向两边站。中心之间辅音连，一靠后,二分手；多个中间偏左右，字母组合算一个(音)。多音节尾 -l -m –n(e)，前有辅音成音节。

例子：学会一眼识破音节数目，运用语音规则，做到见字读音。

闭音节：pen [pen], cap [kAp], bas*ket [`bB:skit], green [gri:n], book [buk], and [And], eat [i:t],

开音节：he [hi:], she [Fi:], tea [ti:],my [mai], tea•cher [`ti:tFE], rea•dy [`redi], Ju•ly [`dVu(:)lai],

ru•ler [`ru:lE], her [hE:],

成音节： ta•ble [`teibl], ap•ple [pl], bot•tle [tl], mid•dle [dl], bi•cy•cle [`baisikl], pen•cil [sl],

se•ven [`sevn], e•le•ven [i `lev(E)n],

不发音的e 尾：come [kQm], please [pli:z], whose [hu:z], nice [nais], name [neim], give [giv],（开音节的外形，多读长音。）

4. 单词重音（重音符号ˊ）：双音节和多音节词中常常重读一个音节，其它读轻音。遇到生词，有音标当然省事，但在无音标的情况下，至于哪个音节要重读，由于英语词源、构词、例外情况等诸多因素限制，不可能将每个生词读的完全无误。只能掌握的一般规律：

重音口诀：为了顺口有节奏，张口由大变到小(省气力)，大口/长音多重读，还要保持身平衡(整个单词发音)，特别写法长又多(特别是写法很长的多音节词)，倒数第三多琢磨。(一般是)前轻---中重----后又轻。哪儿平顺哪(儿)读重。

一般具体做法是：① 单音节都重读；这类单词很多。例如：meet, and, class, which, house, bread

② 双音节词 ▲ (发长音或大口音重读, 这类单词很多，例如：`teacher [`ti:tFE], `ruler [`ru:lE], `basket [`bB:skit], `apple [`Apl], `table [`teibl],tired [`taiEd], `lazy [`leizi], `open [`EupEn], // `sorry [`sCri], Ju`ly, pre`fer, po`lice, to`day,

▲ (两音平(音长和张口大小接近的)开头重读; 这类单词很多，例如：`rubber, `Sandy, `sandwich, `pencil, `brother, woman, `sister, `ready, `hungry, `very, `busy, `picture, `listen, `Betty, `empty, `pretty, clever [`klevE], letter [ `letE],

▲ (带前后缀多词根重读。例如：a`gain, a`loud, a`sleep, be`gin, be`fore, be`side, be`hind, /`quickly, `friendship, `boyish, `building,

④ 多音节词倒数第三个元音字母(音节)重读。带前后缀多词根重读。

例如：`Italy,(I`talian), A`merican, `beautiful, natio`nality, `exercise, `chocolate, `newspaper, // suddenly, inter`national, `championship, `countable, `interesting, mechano`therapy (力学疗法),

③ 合成词保持开头单词的重音：例如：policeman, `pencil-box, `football, `ice-cream, `classroom, `schoolboy, `postman, `milkman, `tea-pot, `Jack-in-the-box, `hide-and-`seek, `snakes-and-`ladders,

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