Unit 1 Text A

Ex.1 Understanding the text

1、Because he is tired of listening to his father and he is not interested in grammar rules.

2、The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture are so marvelous and remarkable that they should be described at least in a brief account; however, what the student could do was only one single utterance :“whoa!” without any any specific comment.

3、Because the schools fail to set high standards of language proficiency. They only teach a little grammar and less advanced vocabulary. And the younger teachers themselves have little knowledge of the vital structures of language.

4、Because teaching grammar is not an easy job and most of the students will easily get bored if it’s not properly dealt with.

5、He familiarized his son with different parts of speech in a sentence and discussed their specific grammatical functions including how to use adverbs to describe verbs.

6、Because the son had never heard about the various names and functions of words in an English sentence before.

7、The author uses “road map”and “car”to describe grammar and vocabulary. Here,“road map”is considered as grammar and “car”as vocabulary.

8、Since the subjunctive mood his son used is a fairly advanced grammar structure, the interjection“whoa!”reflects the tremendous pride the father had toward his son; it also reflects the author’s humor in using the word because it was once used by his student, though in two different situations and with two different feelings.

Ex.3 Words in use

1.condense 2.exceed 3.deficit 4.exposure 5.asset

6.adequate 7.competent 8.adjusting 9.precisely 10.beneficial

Ex.4 Word building

-al/-ial: managerial/editorial/substance/survival/tradition/margin

-cy : consistency/accuracy/efficient

-y : recovery/ministry/assembly

Ex.5 Word building

1.editorial 2.recovery 3.accuracy 4.substance 5.managerial

6.margin 7.assembly 8.Ministry 9.survival 10.tradition 11.consistency 12.efficient

Ex.6 Banked cloze

1-5: L C J A I 6-10: O N E H F

Ex.7 Expressions in use

1.feel obliged to 2.be serious about 3.run into 4.distinguish between 5.thrust upon 6.was allergic to 7.get lost 8.be attracted to 9.make sense 10.looked upon as

Ex.8 Structured writing

Some bookworms in my dormitory often spend hours reading their “Bible”, Practical English Grammar, and do a lot of exercises in that book , but I don’t care about it at all. My assumption is since I have never learned Chinese grammar, what’s the sense of learning English grammar? In fact, English grammar has always been a big headache to me.

English grammar is very complicated because, unlike Chinese, there are many verb tenses. Even stranger than verb tenses, English grammar also contains something very confusing. For example, I don’t remember how many times my middle school teacher tried to“impose”the differences between used to and be used to on us. Sometimes he would go on with the explanation for 20 minutes or so. He even summarized the differences by listing three or four points for us to memorize. However, they could never stay in my head . I don’t remember how many times I got it wrong with the sentences containing used to or be used to on my exams . I was really confused with these two phrases,and I can never get them right.

In brief, I’m allergic to learning English grammar. Curiously, I just wonder if the native speakers of English have a microcomputer in their brain to help them utter the two phrases promptly with just a click of their brain mouse!

Ex.9 E-C Translation

人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。与其他语言一样，英语也发生了很大的变化。英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段：古英语，中古英语和现代英语。英语起源于公元5世纪，当时三个日耳曼部落入侵英国，他们对英语语言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世纪和现代社会初期，英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从17世纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各地显现。欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化。今天，由于美国电影、电视、音乐、贸易和技术、包括互联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的影响力尤其显著。

Ex.10 C-E Translation

Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers’ personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that “seeing the calligrapher’s handwriting is like seeing the person”. As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world’s treasure house of culture and art.

Unit 1

Text B

2. Understanding the text

D. 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. D

4. Words in use

mysterious 2. desperate 3. devise 4. negotiate 5. recalled

6. specifically 7. depict 8. Ignorance 9. Expand 10 confusion

5. Expressions in use

apply to 2. in a bid to 3. end up 4. speaking of

5. get hold of 6. appealed to 7. leaving ..behind 8. focus on

EX. 6 Sentence structure

Even though it is important of the students to have a deep understanding of the texts, it doesn’t make any sense to read texts word for word from the beginning to the end

as it is a matter of little importance to us, it doesn’t make much sense to argue out which is wrong or right or which is better or worse

it makes no sense to compel children to obey their parents; instead, we should try to tell them what is right and what is wrong.

EX. 7.

II might as well have stayed at home.

We might as well have taken the train home

So he might as well have told me all about it .

Collocation:

Warm-up

essential framework 2. distinctive difference 3 high standards

4 valuable possessions 5 considerable frustration 6 acquire knowledge

7 overcome deficiencies 8 sketch thoughts 9 devise a scheme

Ex. 8

1 essential framework 2 proper vocabulary 3 excellent control 4 language deficit

5 high standards 6 language proficiency 7 acquire knowledge

8 competent communication 9 overcome deficiencies 10 sketch thoughts

11 effective communication 12 advanced vocabulary

Unit 2 Text A

Reading Comprehension

1. because English or history majors are considered less competitive when the job market is shrinking, and they have to study something that can help them more easily locate their future jobs.

2. because as the tuition is climbing higher and higher, many students have run away from studying the humanities and toward “hard” skills that they think will lead to employment.

3. since more students are now taking job-oriented courses, libraries, where students of liberal arts used to study, are getting less popular than before; in contrast, labs are getting more eye-catching because students of science and engineering do experiments and research there.

4. because this inner drive that can be either constructive or destructive is so mysterious and powerful that it has attracted many people to speculate on it. From ancient times, these men and women developed artistic “languages” in the form of story, music, myth, painting, architecture, sculpture, landscape and traditions, which from the very foundation of civilization.

5. Studying the humanities improves your ability to read and write, makes you familiar with the language of emotion and the creative process, and, more importantly, provides you with a wide scope of possibilities that are open to you.

6. Because in modern life, an ideal capacity for establishing one’s career is to have both technical knowledge and inner insight, not just one without the other.

7. “Well-rounded human beings” are those who have insight and understand the passions, hopes and dreams common to all humanity.

8. Since many people who once studied the humanities became famous in their career, the author implies that if students spend more time studying the humanities, they could surely become successful in the future as well.

Language focus

3

1. promotes 2. accelerate 3. mystery 4. insight 5. boost 6. analysis

7. calculate 8. barriers 9. destruction 10. prospect

4

Promising Bearing Housing Objective

Offend Exclude Excess Execute

Intensify Identity

5

1. excess 2. bearing 3. objective 4. intensify 5. execute

6. promising 7. exclude 8. identity 9 offend 10. housing

6.

1-5 CHDJB 6-10 LMGFA

7

1. are liable to 2. in favor of 3. is bound to

4. speculate about 5. invested…with 6. stand up for

7. in the form of 8. prepared for 9. in the company of

10 in succession

8

Did you have such an experience as when your high-school physical education (P.E.) teacher pushed you to run for several miles around the sports field in a P.E. class? When you were sweating and out of breath, did you ever wish that you could only stop talking a P.E. class in college? However, taking P.E. courses can be advantageous to all college students. First, taking P.E. classes helps students learn valuable communication and teamwork skills. There are many activities that require students to communicate and interact with each other when they are having a P.E. class. For example, when one group completes with the other in playing basketball, group cooperation is extremely important in order to win. Effective teamwork usually requires good communication skills. Another advantage is that taking P.E. classes enables students to more effectively handle their heavy coursework. Not infrequently, students sleep in class and miss important information. Not concentrating in class may be caused by insufficient sleep and no exercise. Through taking P.E. courses, students build up their health. Only when students stay healthy can they learn better. To sum up, taking a P.E. course at college can benefit students in developing useful social skills as well as better coping skills for their stress at school. Therefore, P.E. classes bring students advantages both physically and academically.

9

幕课是一种网络课程，它旨在通过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入。幕课是远程教育迈出的最新一步，现已在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流。通过这些课程，大学可以扩大影响的范围，从影响成千上万住在城里付学费的学生，扩展到惠及全球上百万的学生。除了拥有传统的课程资料，幕课还给使用者提供互动论坛，支持学生和讲师之间的交流。幕课能促进参与者之间的交流，使得多种观点、知识和技能涌现到课堂上来；它鼓励人们尝试之前不可能尝试的课程，甚至是尝试新的教育方式；它提供多种学习课程资料的方式，鼓励多模式学习，以各种学习风格满足学习者的需求；另外，幕课促进教学的改善，使技术在面对面授课中得以更好地应用。

10

In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements. Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education. Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages. On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible; on the other hand, it expands the learner’s study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere. These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.

Unit 2

Section B What college brings us?

Ex 1

1. Main idea: College has never been magical for everyone.

Major detail: More high school graduates don’t fit the pattern of college.

2. Main idea： We need to revise our attitudes and reform the system. Major detail: we only judge things based on our own college experiences.

3. Main idea: College education seems to have wasted time and accumulated debt.

Major detail: Close to 80 percent of new jobs can be performed by someone without a college degree.

Ex.2

1C 2D 3C 4A 5D 6B 7B 8A

Ex.3

1. It’s very true because the job market is becoming more competitive.

Yes, without a college degree, one can end up with nothing to do.

Sure, college brings students knowledge and personal growth.

No, it’s not necessary to get a college degree to have a better career.

Disagree, college is too expensive now for students and family to afford.

2. More competitive.

More knowledgeable.

More confident.

More opportunities.

3. Traditional ideology.

More promising future.

High expectations of their children.

4. Worth their money because it’s an investment that will pay off later.

A waste of their money because the tuition is too high.

Not sure if they’ll profit from the large sum they invested.

5. Analytical ability.

Critical thing skills.

Broad knowledge.

Ex.4

1. enroll 2 revise 3accumulate 4 accorded 5 evaluate

6. prime 7 confirm 8 shrinking 9 sufficient 10 recruit

Ex.5

1. bother to 2.is available to 3. been compelled to 4.described…as

4. exposed…to 6.than rather 7 have something to do with

8 for its own sake

Ex.6

1. A teacher, no matter how knowledgeable he is, cannot teach his students everything they want to know.

2. No matter where you travel, you can always find someone to communicate with in English since English is an important language.

3. No matter what work a person is doing, if he gives it his best each day, he creates lots of happiness for himself.

Ex.7

1. Although the number of applications is small, there is little doubt that the program will help the students who really need financial aid.

2. There is no doubt that computer crime is a very serious problem, so people think that all hackers need to be punished for their actions.

3. Though the boy worked very hard and finally successfully passed the exam, there is no doubt that overwork and too much worry caused his illness.

Ex.8

1 promising 2 worsens 3 shrinking 4 dominant 5 land 6 great

7 well-rounded 8 creative 9 elegant 10 constructive 11 skills 12 make

Unit 3 Discovery of a new life stage

Text A

Ex.1

1. Because people in different life stages are confronted with different problems and setbacks and each group of people in a particular time period have their particular worries and pains.

2.The norm refers to the general consensus that as soon as students graduated from college, they would enter adulthood and be able to find an ideal job leading to their career.

3. They are recognized as a new life stage that comes after high school graduation, continues through college and leads to starting a family and having a career.

4. Because nowadays so many young people are following this new lifestyle that it has become a trend. As long as the economic situation continues its long slide, this new stage is unavoidable.

5. Unlike their parents, a large number of young people are now delaying marriage, child bearing, and even employment during their odyssey years.

6. They often resent the pressure they’re feeling and keep a distance from their parents or even run away from home. Many also resort to computer games, iPods, iPhones, or iPads.

7. Their parents feel more anxious and upset seeing their children’s odyssey years continue to stretch without a clear direction.

8. The author thinks as people are getting to know the odyssey years better, both parents and their children can tackle this phase better. For parents, they can understand their children more; for children, they can explore and discover themselves with a positive attitude.

Ex.3

1. peculiar 2. radical 3. phase 4. sensible 5. predict

6. labeled 7. resent 8. witnessed 9. equivalent 10. parallels

Ex.4

-ic

Chaotic dramatic academy

-ion

Depression detection erosion

Classification confuse cooperate dictate

-ist

Rightist journal

Ex.5

1. journal 2. chaotic 3. cooperate 4. erosion 5. dramatic 6. confuse

7. academy 8. rightists 9. depression 10. dictate 11. detection 12. classification

Ex. 6

K E A C L I G N H O

Ex.7

1. saddled with 2. back off 3. gives way to 4. resorted to

5. make allowances for 6. wonder at 7. prior to 8. based upon/on

Ex.8

The odyssey years are certainly a very complicated phase of life for young people. Not only do these young people need to overcome many difficulties, they also have to face many challenges from their parents. The differences between parents and children can be well observed in their completely different attitudes and views.

First, they differ in their attitude toward life. Parents always wonder what has gone wrong with the new generation. They feel that during their time, young boys and girls were better behaved, more obedient and had greater respect for elders. Young people, on the other hand, feel that they are capable enough to learn on their own rather than lean heavily on the older generation for guidance. Young people do not like to be spoon-fed by their parents.

The differences also appear in the way the two generations look at things. For example, the parents’ generation never understood Elvis and the Beatles. Because they couldn’t understand what was going on, they were frequently opposed to them and saw rock as “the devil’s music”. Young people, however, are crazy about the modern music and would love to listen to it for a hundred times a day. Wherever they go, they’ll have their iPod with them.

In conclusion, it’s very difficult for parents and their youngsters to get along due to their distinctive attitudes and the way they view things. To fill this gap, both parents and their grown children need to be more understanding to each other.

Ex.9

作为美国文化价值体系的一个重要组成部分，“个人主义”受到大多数美国人的推崇。美国人认为家庭作为一个群体，其主要目的是促进家庭各成员的幸福。与许多其他文化相比，美国家庭成员的主要职责，不是在社会上或经济上提高整个家庭的地位。人们通常认为，什么是对个人最好的要比什么是对家庭最好的更为重要。与自由相伴而来的是照顾自己的责任，因为所选择的自由承载了责任，即必须接受自己的选择所带来的后果。许多美国人给他们的孩子很多的自由，因为他们希望孩子们能够独立和自力更生。在美国人强调个人自由的同时，父母与孩子间平等的信念也对美国家庭产生了巨大的影响。

Ex. 10

Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in the ancient Chinese society. Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a person’s integrity, family harmony, and the nation’s well-being. With filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years. It’s undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filial piety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in range. It concludes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes. Generally speaking, it refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by the society, including respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth. Filial piety is fundamental to the ancient “Oriental civilization”.

Keys to Unit 3 Text B

Understanding the text 2

1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. D 8. C

Words in use 4

1. hollow 2. restless 3. demonstrate 4. exiled 5. miserable

6. commercial 7. hesitated 8. erupt 9. refine 10. Feasible

Expression in use 5

1. are tired of 2 fall into 3 be strict with 4 not amount to much

5 drifted off 6 bonded with 7 resign himself to 8 surrender themselves to

Sentence structure 6

1. The man walked slowly, with one hand pulling with effort at his coat and the other holding tightly on to his trousers.

2. With more and more students joining it, the new club soon expanded and became the largest one on the campus.

3. With the Internet becoming increasingly popular for young people to connect with their friends, letter writing is becoming less and less common.

7

1. With the traditional values in their heads, most parents found it hard to accept their children’s thinking.

2. With this kind of jeans out of fashion, young people do not like to wear them any more now.

3. With the differences in their skills and abilities, the young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds..

Collocation 8

1 fluid 2 contemporary 3 radical 4 enormous 5 prideful 6 competitive

7 rebellious 8 transition 9 unavoidable 10 traditional 11 unique 12 peculiar

Unit 4

Text A

Ex. 1

1. The author uses this sentence to tell her own love story. She didn’t expect that she would end up marrying Butch. He became her boyfriend just because of her wish to find a cute boyfriend. She didn’t really want to marry him at the beginning.

2. Because when she met up with Butch the first time, he kept staring at her all night long. He flattered her and fell in love with her at first sight. He looked really wild or maybe even dangerous.

3. Because Butch had a “bad boy image” which was very tempting to a lot of girls, and his wild, dynamic personality was a little frightening. She didn’t know whether she could be getting along with him.

4. Though she always had an excellent reputation in respect to her schoolwork, she thought that her college life was dull, with no fun. In her opinion, college was supposed to be a time of great learning and also of some fun.

5. Because she was becoming more interested in him and she wanted to find out if she was the “right” date in the eyes of Butch, thinking of herself as a traditional girl.

6. It means that Butch didn’t want to do anything to change his bad situation. The word fate here refers to the fact that Butch was going to be expelled from the university.

7. Though Butch was wild and would sometimes display directly his love in front of her friends, he was always a perfect gentleman at his core. And they had a pure and responsible relationship for seven years.

8. The author and her husband’s faithful journey of love that started with a causal attraction but bloomed into a mature love proves that romantic love can last long through the ups and downs in life.

Ex. 3

1. confess 2. tempting 3. commence 4. coordinating 5. granted

6. deserved 7. displayed 8. consequently 9. lodged 10. proceed

Ex. 4

-ed

Contented compress complicate

-ion

Identification justification qualification

Illustration exhibit extension

Interpretation plantation perception

Ex. 5

1. qualifications 2. perception 3. plantations 4. compressed 5. exhibit

6. contented 7. interpretation 8. complicate 9. illustration 10. extension

11. identification 12. justification

Ex. 6

N B G I H L E M K C

Ex. 7

1. on her behalf 2. took the liberty of 3. immune to 4. were filled with

5. fall in love with 6. Expelled from 7. been pessimistic about 8. go along with

Ex. 8

Frequently, students experience a tough time and are faced with an activity beyond their ability. However, my freshman year learning experience made me think otherwise. I had never thought I could do it, but I finally conquered my fear of public speaking.

At the beginning of the semester, my English teacher gave the assignment of speaking for three minutes in front of the class. It was an individual project worth 10 percent of the course grade. Since I was very nervous to speak in public, I worried about it for two months. Having no choice, I wrote all of my idea on note cards. I practiced my speech with my notes in front of a mirror and in front of my dog. Would I be able to give my speech in front of my class?

When the day of my speech came, I was ready. As I walked to the front of the class, I looked at my classmates and smiled. Then I looked down at my note cards. At that moment, I realized that I had the wrong information. These were the notes for my biology test, not the information about my speech! I closed my eyes and took a deep breath. Suddenly, I began to speak. To my surprise, the words flowed from my mouth. I just couldn’t believe it!

Everyone applauded my speech, and I felt like a winner. The three-minute speech that day made me realize that people can always overcome their odds if they are motivated.

Ex. 9

美国和欧洲各国都会庆祝2月14日的情人节。这是一个充满爱情和浪漫的节日，恋人之间通常都会交换情人卡和爱情信物。关于这个节日的起源有着不同的说法。一个传说是罗马人把一个叫圣瓦伦丁的神父关进了监狱，因为他拒绝相信罗马神。2月14日那天，瓦伦丁被处死，不仅因为他是基督徒，而且因为他曾治愈了一位监狱看守双目失明的女儿。他在被处死的前一晚上给她写了一封署名“你的瓦伦丁”的告别信。后来，2月14日就成了一个人们可以为他们的情人展示感情的节日。现在，人们以不同的方式庆祝情人节，他们发送贺卡、鲜花，赠送巧克力或其他礼品，或共进浪漫的晚餐。现在这个节日已流行世界各地。在中国，这个节日也越来越受年轻人的欢迎。

July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays. Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers. As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese “Valentine’s Day”. The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid. The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd. So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi. On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage. But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing. All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.

(Unit 4) Section B

Reading Skills

1

1. They became romantically attracted to each other. (para.5)

2. share the dating expense or split the money with the date (para.6)

3. sharing the cost of a meal in a restaurant ( para.7)

4. a tight and uncomfortable feeling because of nervousness (para.12)

5. mark the date on the calendar (para.14)

Reading comprehension

Understanding the text

2

1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C

5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C

Critical thinking

3

1. Males because that’s the norm.

Males because men are expected to do it that way.

Both since they are on an equal basis.

Both since the traditional way is out of date.

2. Men and women are treated equally in this way.

Females are not considered inferior to males.

Both men and women feel more comfortable.

3. Won’t feel embarrassed when taking the initiative to date.

Won’t put stress on either males or females.

Will widen the social circle and give opportunity to make more friends.

Won’t feel obligated to keep a long-term relationship.

4. Both men and women can pay for a date.

Both men and women can take the initiative.

People are free to choose a casual or formal date.

5. Behave with respect for each other.

Be honest with each other.

Be considerate and helpful to each other.

Language focus

Words in use

4

1. conveying 2. Forged 3. Thriving 4. Abnormal 5. frowning

6. thrilled 7. Reckoned 8. Clarified 9. Conquer 10. concealing

Expressions in use

5

1. make contact with 2. took the initiative 3. are inclined to 4. thrive on

5. indifferent to 6. whip out 7. in the pit of her stomach 8. chip in

Sentence structure

6

1. With online learning, there is less study in a regular classroom and more time to spend by yourself.

2. With regular exercise, you’ll have less mental stress and more physical strength.

3. With the new highway, there is less traffic and more comfort for drivers on the road.

7.

1. Ambitious as he is, he has never been able to accomplish his goal and make his parents feel proud of him

2. Embarrassed as they were, they remained positive throughout their travels and learned from the mistakes they made along the way.

3. Hard as she tried, Jane failed to introduce her father to the joys of rock music.

Collocation

Warm-up

1. casual attraction 2. healthy friendship 3. romantic relationship

4. dynamic personality 5. mature love 6. mutual friends

8

1. college sweetheart 2. take the initiative

3. romantic relationship 4. steady boyfriend

5. casual attraction 6. fairy-tale romance

7. exceedingly embarrassed 8. madly in love

9. healthy friendship 10. traditional upbringing

11. mature love 12. mutual friends

Keys to Unit5 Section A

Ex.3

1. contradict 2. paradox 3. perspective

4. explicit 5. suspended 6. derive

7. defy 8. retains 9. manipulating

10. tackle

Ex4

-er

browse browser

message messenger

consumer consume

-ion

negotiate negotiation

object objection

react reaction

constitute constitution

cultivate cultivation

define definition

expand expansion

concentration concentrate

civilization civilize

Ex.5

1. concentrated 2. messenger

3. civilized 4. Constitution

5. browser 6. objection

7. expansion 8. consume

9. definition 10. cultivation

11. reaction 12. negotiation

Ex.6

1 B 2D 3O 4E 5F

6C 7K 8H 9N 10I

Ex.7

1. referred to 2 at odds with

3 put off 4 consulting with

5 do their utmost 6 took stock of

7 on track 8 take in

Ex.8

It is often said that whatever wealth one may have will be gone quickly if the person only spends. However, some people think the purpose of life is to enjoy moment, so they spend all they have earned. Even though Bryan and Peter are close friends, their spending habits are very different.

Bryan is very careful about using his pocket money. He only spends money when it’s necessary. For example, when his pocket money is only $50,he may spend $20 on necessary stationery for schoolwork. He will try to deposit the remaining $30 in his savings account. In his opinion, though the amount is small, it will help him for a possible rainy day since people never know what could happen in the future.

Unlike Bryan, Peter usually spends money at will. He often purchases expensive electronic products such as an iPhone and iPad. Sometimes, he might buy himself an expensive brand-name shirt or a pair of expensive brand- name shoes. Different from Byan, he never deposits extra money in a bank after meeting his basic needs. To him, saving money in a bank is something silly because he believes that he can always earn big money after he gets a decent job in the future.

All in all, Bryan and Peter are very different in the way they spend money. Spending money wisely and saving extra money for future urgent needs enable students to manage their finance and fully concentrate on their study. They will also derive great pleasure from the way they handle their money.

Ex.9

大发现年代，也被称为大勘探年代，是欧洲进行全球勘查的一个历史时期，始于15世纪初并一直持续到18世纪。这一时期通常被认为是中世纪和近代之间的桥梁，当时西方帝国主义刚兴起，欧洲各王国之间正在经济上互相竞争，他们想通过建立贸易路线和殖民地来寻找财富。在这一时期众多伟大的探险家中，最杰出的是克里斯托弗•哥伦布，因为他发现了新大陆。欧洲的海外扩张导致了殖民帝国的崛起，旧大陆与新大陆的接触也促进了两边的互相交换：大量的植物、动物、食物、文化等得到迁移。这代表了历史上生态、农业和文化在全球范围内最重大的活动之一。欧洲大勘探让绘制全球性的世界地图成为可能，从而使人们看到一个新的世界与古老的文明正遥相呼应。

Ex.10

The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name “the Silk Road”. As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization. Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of “One Belt, One Road”(namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road). The strategy of “One Belt, One Road” focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries. Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road.

Keys to Unit5 Text B

Reading Skills

1

2. Denotation: examine a place or area in order to get information about it

Connotation: it associates with the feeling of curiosity and anxiousness because it was a new experience and he was eager to find out what he could get for free.

3. Denotation: the right to do what you want without being controlled or restricted by anyone

Connotation: it implies the feeling of delightfulness because he had never used credit card before but now he could start to use it freely.

4. Denotation: not real or not made of natural things

Connotation: the word artificial appears before the word sense to men his sense of security was just a false one. In addition, it connotes that the sense was naive because he was deceiving himself.

5. Denotation: produce, invent, or make up

Connotation: it connotes a sense of large quantity because he had to make up many different excuses and false stories to reject his friends’ offers.

6. Denotation: being unable to walk properly because one’s legs are damaged or injured

Connotation: It associates his emotional feelings with a crippled person to mean that he was in despair and unable to share his feeling with others.

7. Denotation: be unable to breathe properly

Connotation: It implies he was extremely embarrassed and felt guilty to talk about his financial problems. As a result, it was difficult for him to speak out the words.

8. Denotation: an idea or opinion that is wrong

Connotation: It connotes a sense of realization and regrets about the desire to get something free. Because of his illusion, he had to pay much more than a dictionary usually costs, i.e. $3,000.

READING COMPREHENSION

Understanding the text

2

1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.C

Language focus

Words in use

1.prohibited 2.submit 3.remedied 4.imposed

5.feature 6.crisis 7. artificial 8.principal

9.issued 10.isolated

Expressions in use

5

1.suffering from 2.in accordance with 3.shrugged off

4.be entitled to 5. care about 6.tore at

7.access to 8. out of the question

Sentence structure

6

1. Follow your doctor’s advice or your cough will get worse.

2. Stand over there and you’ll be able to see it better.

3. Watch your step if you go out or you might fall.

7

1. There is nothing more important than being honest with everyone at school and at work.

2. There is nothing more than helpful than using the Internet to improve my English skills.

3. There is nothing more than encouraging and stimulating than communicating successfully with your colleagues.

Collocation

Warm-up

1. seemingly free 2. barely enough 3. easily accessible 4.absolutely needed 5.financially bankrupt 6.completely charmed 7.truly autonomous 8.staggeringly expensive 9.emotionally crippled

8

1. financial distress 2.financial trouble 3.financially bankrupt 4.seemingly free 5.suspend desires

6.easily accessible 7.emotionally crippled

8.artificial sense 9.truly autonomous 10.completely charmed 11.staggeringly expensive

12.buying decisions

Unit6

Section A

1

1B 2C 3A 4E 5D

2

1 An irrational behavior can be described as an action or opinion not based on adequate use of logic and reason:

Be willing to pay much more for a cup of Starbucks coffee when there's cheaper, equally good coffee across the street.

Once a price is established in their minds, they will compare other similar items to this price, not only for the current but also for the future.

Buy products they don't need just because they get something for free in the transaction.

Do something just because some other people are doing the same thing.

2 Ignorance - People can be totally unaware about a situation, yet form their own views and judgments. They often tend to jump to conclusions based on rumors.

Emotions - People take offense or get angry before the actual situation occurs. They become anxious and harbor unrealistic expectations.

Stress - It is the main reason that causes physical as well as mental problems. Stress creates feeling of anger, irritation and frustration.

Blind beliefs - People live entirely on the lines that are drawn by others and do not have their own point of view. They are too conscious about society and its reactions to them.

3 Yes, I'm often irrational because of different kinds of stress, uncertainty about my future, and sensitivity to how people look at me.

No, I don't think I'm irrational because I always use my logic and common sense to judge things and react to what has happened to me.

Scripts:

As the most intelligent animal on this earth, we are supposed to behave in a rational way, i.e., act according to logic and reason required in a situation. But does that really happen? Do we always behave rationally? Certainly not. There are a lot of people who behave irrationally, causing problems to themselves as well as to others. Irrational behavior is part of human nature, but as MIT Professor Ariely has discovered, people tend to behave irrationally in a predictable fashion. Though we cannot explain the exact cause behind irrational behavior, we know that it is a manner of behavior not based on logic and reasoning. I would like to give you an example of irrational behavior. If a person has heard about someone suffering from some disease, he will start thinking that he may suffer from the same disease. This is irrational

and illogical behavior. I don't think this behavior is always intentional.

Reading comprehension

Understanding the text

1

1 He was imposing on his troops a necessary sacrifice to achieve victory over their opponents. By doing this, the soldiers would be more determined and concentrated on the battles.

2 The purpose for the experiment is to investigate seemingly irrational human behavior when making a decision, such as the tendency for keeping multiple options open.

3 The experiment enabled people to see why it's always so hard for them to say "NO" to any opportunities that came to them. In everyday life, people just give excuses to keep options open.

4 Students should quickly check all the doors and keep clicking on the one with the highest cash. They should absolutely ignore the vanishing doors.

5 Because we can see that the students didn't really focus on ensuring future cash earnings. What they tried to avoid was the immediate pain of watching options close.

6 Because in life the doors are closing slowly, not like the ones on the computer in the experiment, people don't really see the opportunities actually vanishing away little by little.

7 He suggests that people should prohibit overbooking, reduce options, delegate tasks to others, and even give away ideas to others to pursue.

8 People can obtain pleasure and satisfaction by focusing their energy and attention in a more concentrated fashion. They will have more with fewer, carefully chosen options.

Critical thinking

2

1 ~ Surprising but very strategic and visionary.

~ Reflection of his unique foresight and wisdom.

~ Knowledgeable about winning battles.

~ Experienced in fighting with enemies.

2 ~ Interesting and thought-provoking.

~ Reflect students' mentality.

~ Meaningful and valid.

~ May not be convincing to some people.

3 ~ Both consequences are surprising.

~ Both are about choices and decision-making.

~ Both have to do with strategies.

~ Both focus on human's mentality.

4 ~ Afraid of losing potential opportunities.

~ Too greedy and too ambitious.

~ Over-confident about their real capacity.

~ More choices, better chances.

5 ~ Fewer options, more focused concentration.

~ Fewer choices, better quality.

~ Everything has two sides.

~ Too much greed ends up with nothing.

Language focus

3

1 implement 2 rival 3 motivating

4 discarded 5 fluctuating 6 prejudiced

7 restore 8 enlightening 9 profit

10 investigate

Word building

4

Words learned New words formed

-ic

strategy strategic

sympathy sympathetic

-ion

confirm confirmation

locate location

reflect reflection

provide provision

install installation

register registration

quotation quote

-ize

sympathy sympathize

critic criticize

industrial industrialize

5

1 sympathize 2 confirmation

3 strategic 4 installation

5 quote 6 sympathetic

7 criticize 8 location

9 reflection 10 industrialize

11 provision 12 registration

Banked cloze

6

1 M 2 D 3 H 4 0 5 F

6 L 7 I 8 C 9 J 10 A

Expressions in use

7

I was attached to 2 be measured in

3 come in handy 4 clinging to

5 pay a big price 6 are exhausted from

7 imposed on 8 revolve around

Structure analysis and writing

Structured writing

8

There are a lot of people who behave irrationally, causing problems to themselves as well as to others. It's hard to analyze the exact causes behind irrational behavior, but we know that it is a manner of behavior that is not based on logic and reasoning. Irrational behavior is caused by various factors but two stand out.

The first main factor that contributes to irrational behavior is uncontrolled emotions. Irrational people take offense or get angry before the actual situation occurs. They become anxious and express exaggerated emotions such as crying and shouting. They have unrealistic expectations, expecting everyone to like them and if someone does not, they feel angry and neglected. It is fairly common for people to show such signs of irrationality.

Too much stress can also lead to irrational behavior. In fact, these days, stress is the major cause of physical as well as mental problems. Stress creates feelings of anger, irritation and frustration. For instance, when you spend a stressful day in the office, it makes you anxious. You start releasing your frustration or stress by screaming at your family members for small reasons like a badly prepared meal. That day you feel everything is wrong.

In summary, uncontrolled emotions and too much stress can result in irrational behavior. To behave rationally is not an easy job because the behavior is internalized. However, to discover the source of your irrationality will help you behave more rationally.

Translation

9

极简主义是指去掉多余的，仅保留需要的部分、用最简单的话来说，极简的生活方式，就是生活得越简单越好,直到获得心灵的平静，这种简单既是精神上的，也是身体上的：这样的生活方式会减轻压力，带来更多自由时间．并增强幸福感、极简主义者会说．他们生活得更有意义了，更从容了，极简的生活方式让他们着眼于生活中更重要的事物：朋友、爱好、旅游和体验。当然，极简主义并不意味着拥有物质财富从本质上来讲有什么不对。现在的问题似乎在于，我们往往太重视所拥有的东西，而常常抛弃了健康、人与人之间的关系、我们的热情、个人成长，以及帮助他人的愿望。极简主义除了在我们的口常生活中可以得到应用，还存在于很多创意领域，包括艺术、建筑、没汁、舞蹈、电影、戏剧、音乐、时尚、摄影和文学等。

10

National Happiness Index (NHI) is an index that measures how happy people are. It is also a tool that measures the levels of economic development and people's livelihood and happiness in a country or region. With the fast growth of Chinese economy, the Chinese government has been paying more and more attention to people's living quality and the increase of happiness index. The government stresses improvement of its people's livelihood, striving to improve their economic conditions and meet their growing material and cultural needs. Currently, the Chinese government advocates the unleashing of more reform dividends, with the aim of offering more real benefits to its people. All these measures will combine to effectively increase the NHI of our people.

Unit 6 Text B

Understanding the text 2

1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.D

Critical thinking 3

1. *Like to look good in other’s eyes.

*Tend to have spending habit

*Make them feel happy.

*Want to be in fashion

2. *Frustrated.

*Bored

*Confused

*Stunned

3. *Don’t know which option they want most.

Seem to them there is never the best option.

Want everything lest they miss a “perfect” one.

4. *Human beings are greedy by nature.

Many believe “The more, the better”.

Most people are too materialistic.

5. Not really a good thing.

Make people greedier and more materialistic.

Make people exhausted to make decisions.

Discourage appreciation.

Words in use 4

1. concerning 2.specified 3.controversy 4.rendered 5.enforced

6. distribute 7.highlighted 8.implication 9.penetrating 10.subtract

Expressions in use 5

1. played a role 2.turned out 3.are depressed about 4. settle for

5. rushed into 6. out of control 7.transferred to 8.rely on

Sentence structure 6

1. The more carefully he thought about it, the clearer it became to him that this was a job for someone with experience.

2. The more exercise you do, the more energetic you will become, the easier your everyday tasks will seem.

3. The more interesting the plot is, the more appealing the film will become to the audience.

Sentence structure 7

1. He is normally a quiet person, but when it comes to sports, he becomes a completely different man.

2. When it comes to computers and the Internet, all the students become excited, each eager to say something about his experience.

3. A Frenchman may be ready to start a chat with a stranger on a train or in a café, but when it comes to friendship, the French seem to be more cautious than the British.

Collocation 8

1. conscious effort 2.winning strategy 3.limited choice

4. remotest idea 5.temporary pain 6.primary role

Collocation 9

1. rival options 2.painful choices 3.carefully chosen 4.mutiple options

5. winning strategy 6.predictably irrational 7.temporary pain 8.complex decision

9. limited choices 10.conscious effort 11.naturally prejudiced 12.accumulating evidence

Unit 7 Text B

Reading skills: 1

1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A

Understanding the text 2

1.D 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.C

Critical thinking 3

1. *Similarities: family-oriented, busy with house chores, cook meals, take care of children, clean rooms, do laundry

2. *Help and support the husband

*education and behave children morally

*Maintain the order of home.

*Keep the family healthy

3. *the husband: The man is supposed to have more responsibilities for his family since he physically stronger than his wife.

*The wife: the woman, to some degree, is more persevered in overcoming difficulties and she is always family-oriented.

*Both: Even though they share different family responsibilities, they both play important and indispensable poles as parents, husband or wife. Two incomes are always better than just one.

4. *Advantages: able to take good care of family, including their diet and health; more communication with family; help children with their schoolwork.

*Disadvantages: a lot of stress, exhausted, less aware of the outside world, lose social contact.

5. *Work outside: have many contacts, communication with more people, be informed of the outside world, be of more help financially.

*Stay home: take better care of family, pay more attention to children, provide healthier food to family, keep the rooms clean, help the husband / wife.

Words in use 4

1. bounce 2.tolerant 3.supplement 4.condemn 5.overflowed

6. swear 7.resemble 8.compounded 9.disgusting 10.trim

Expressions in use 5

1. convert to 2. was revolted by 3. was comprised of 4. busied himself with

5. fussed over 6. is unique in 7. exerting themselves 8. substituted for

Sentence structure 6

1. Having no idea about their thoughts and opinion, I would rather five up the attempt to guess what their reaction will be.

2. To avoid making mistakes, I would rather be home alone and not communicate with anybody.

3. The old man would rather be living in the past, for things are much more different today than they were in the past.

Sentence structure 7

1. I couldn’t stand bad manners and thought my leaving was anything but rude, so I got the nest train back home and left him there.

2. They usually look very nice and even generous, but in terms of integrity, they are anything but honest.

3. When the two young people got married, may people attended the wedding ceremony, yet it was anything but modern.

Warm-up

1. strong urge 2. Particularly difficult 3. Demanding job

4. make concessions 5. Social context 6. Management style

8.

1. plausible 2. context 3.management 4.pleasantly 5. great 6. Strong

7 subtle 8 conflicting 9 personal 10 typically 11 diplomatically 12 vaguely

Unit 8 Section A

understanding the text:

1. He became a children’s doctor because of this love for children and his strong desire to keep them healthy.

2. He is thought of having no moral compass: He tortures innocent animals for his career advancement and his experiments having nothing to do with medicine.

3. The public barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance to them, while the senator and politicians continue to give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists

4. The author does not really admit their mistake, but the tone is apparently ironic, criticizing that the physicians were too soft to respond to the animal rights activists.

5. Life is cruel to both animals and human beings . if the physician don’t create an animal model of the problem, they have to do experiments on human beings, or the medical knowledge will remain static.

6. Drugs to cure infection will remain undiscovered, surgical and diagnostic techniques will remain undeveloped, and fundamental biological processes will remain mysteries.

7. Because protection from serious sickness and drugs as well as most complex surgical procedures were initially developed in animals instead of human beings

8. If the more radical members of this movement are successful in threatening further research, their efforts will bring about a tragedy that will cost the lives of many human beings.

Language focus

word in use

3.

1. arresting 2. omits 3. optional

4. transplanted 5. hence 6. twisted

7. stung 8. minute 9. imitate

10. evil

4.

Words learned New words formed

-ence

interfere interference

-er

thrill thriller

-ly

scarcely scarce

specially special

-ion

consume consumption

deceive deception

invade invasion

proceed procession

5.

1. interference 2. invasion

3. Consumption 4. procession

5. specific 6. deception

7. scare 8. thriller

6.

1.B 2. G 3. L 4. K 5. F

6. D 7. H 8. N 9. E 10.I

7.

1. persisted in 2. have relevance to

3. becoming aware of

4. isolated from

5. in the name of

6. make a contribution

7. been occupied with

8. tip the scales

9.世界自然基金会（WWF）是一个致力于有关保护，研究和修复环境议题的国际性非政府组织。该组织最初于1961被命名为世界野生动物基金会。1986年，它更名为世界自然基金会，以更好地反映其活动范围。它是世界上最大的，独立的自然保护组织，拥有世界各地超个500万的支持者，在100多个国家里开展工作，并援助约1,300个与自然和环境保护有关的项目。它的任务是阻止破坏地球的生态环境，建立一个能使人类与自然和谐相处的未来。目前，其大部分工作集中在对海洋和海岸，森林，淡水的保护。在其他问题上，它也关注濒危物种，污染和气候变化。现在他们最需要的是资金，以履行其使命和处理有关的突发事件。

10.

Since the founding of New China, especially since the economic reform and door-opening to the world, the Chinese government has made considerable efforts in eco-environmental protection and achieved effective progress. The government has taken a series of important measures to protect and improve the ecological environment, such as actively promoting key ecological projects, enhancing ecosystem construction and biodiversity conservations, establishing a number of nature reservation, ecological demonstration zones, scenic spots and forest parks. One of the important goals of building a socialist harmonious society is to strengthen ecological protection and construction and to achieve harmony between man and nature. Environmental protection and ecological civilization construction have provided a solid foundation for the sustainable development of China’s economy and society.

Unit 8 section B

Ex. 2 understanding the text:

1 D 2 A 3 C 4 C 5 D 6 B 7 D 8 C

Ex.4 words in use

1 emitted 2 shoved 3 sneak 4 symbol 5 wakened

6 lagged 7 ditch 8 countdown 9 discharged 10 rotated

Ex .5 expressions in use

1 out 2 with 3 in 4 between 5 from 6 of 7 with 8 over

Sentence structure

Ex.8

1. People with sleeping disorder cannot sleep much , as is the case with the people who get older

2. The new irrigation system would require farmers to apply for a planning permission, as is the case with other commercial or industrial developments.

3. We have seen encouraging signs of improvement in our financial conditions, as is the case with the overall economy according to the media reports

Ex. 7

1. As enthusiastic and curious about it as he was at the start of his career.

2. As interested in these questions as he was when he first read them online.

3. As attentive toward his wife or children as she had expected.

Collocation:

Warm-up

1 severely restricted 2 terrifying effects 3 subsequent advances

4 damaging impact 5 remain undiscovered

Ex. 8

1 entire field

2 subsequent advances

3 reasonable argument

4 severely restricted

5 terrifying effects

6 suitable alternatives

7 well-understood principles

8 Medical research

9 supreme desire

10 moral compass

11 remain undiscovered

12 innocent animals

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