一、反意疑问句要点简述
反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,是在陈述句后,对陈述句所叙述的事实提出的疑问。其基本结构有两种:一是“肯定陈述句+简略否定问句”;二是“否定陈述句+简略肯定问句”。反意疑问句后一部分的主谓与前一部分的主谓要保持人称、助动词及时态等方面的一致,即“三同一反”的原则。这种疑问句的回答要根据事实,肯定的用“Yes, …”。否定的用“No, …”。如:
It looks like rain, doesn’t it?
He doesn’t need to work so late, does he?
二、学习反意疑问句,特别要注意的问题
1)陈述部分的主语是this, that时,疑问部分的主语多用it;陈述部分的主语是these, those时,疑问部分的主语多用they
如:This is a dictionary, isn’t it?
Those are shelves, aren’t they?
2)陈述句如果是there be结构时,疑问句部分仍用there。
如:There once was a man named Saint Nicholas, wasn’t there?
3)在英语口语中,“I am +表语结构”,后面的反意疑问句多用aren’t I来体现。
如:I am very interested in learning English, aren’t I?
4)陈述句的主语是动词不定式,动词的-ing形式或从句时,疑问部分的主语多用it来体现。
如:Taking care of our environment is very important, isn’t it?
What he said is right, isn’t it?
5)陈述句中含有not, no, hardly, neither, never, few, little, too …to等否定词或具有否定意义的词时,疑问
部分常用肯定形式。
如:Few people knew the news, did they?
Tom has never been to England , has he?
但陈述句中如果带有否定意义的前缀和后缀的单词时,整个句子仍视为肯定句,反意疑问部分多用
否定形式。
如:She is unhappy, isn’t she?
6)陈述句的主语是nobody, no one, everyone, somebody等不定代词时,反意疑问部分的主语多用they(当
强调全体时)或he(当强调个体时)。如果陈述句的主语是something, nothing, anything, everything等
不定代词时,反意疑问部分的主语多用it。
如:No one knows him, do they?
Someone is waiting for you, isn’t he?
Nobody says a word about the accident, do they?
Everything seems all right, doesn’t it?
7)陈述句是主从复合句时,如果主句的谓语动词是think, believe,suppose等词,且主语是第一人称I或
we时,反意疑问部分的人称、时态与宾语从句保持一致,同时还要考虑到否定的转移(否定前移)。
如:I believe that the boy can get a ticket for you, can’t he?
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
若是第二第三人称的话,反义疑问句应该看主句:She thought it is meaningless,didn't she?
如果是转述的要注意:He said that you were in hospital,weren't you?(这里是对着那个you说的)
8)祈使句的反义疑问句中:let's 的要用shall we;let us 的要用will you;其他形式的都用will you。
如:Go and get it for me, won't you?去帮我取个东西,好吗?
Let's meet at the airport, shall we ? 我们在机场碰头,行不行?
Have a little more wine, will you ? 喝点儿酒,好吗?
9)must的反义疑问句:陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
A.must表示“应该”,其疑问部分用mustn't(不应该)
如:You must work hard next term, mustn't you ? 下学期你应该努力学习,对吗?
B.must表示“必须”,其疑问部分用needn't(不必)
如:They must finish the work today, needn’t they? 他们今天必须要完成这项工作,是吗?
C.陈述部分含情态动词mustn't,表示禁止时,疑问部分就可以用must或may,
如:You mustn’t stop your car here, must you? (may we?)你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?
D.must表示推测,其疑问部分必须与must 后面的主要动词相呼应。
如:①对现在动作或存在的情况的推测:
You must know the answer to the exercise, don't you? 你一定知道这项练习的答案,是不是?
That must be your bed, isn't it? 那一定是你的床,是吗?
②对过去发生的动作或存在的情况的推测:句中陈述部分没有表示过去的时间状语,这时疑问部分
中的动词就用现在完成时。(haven’t / hasn’t + 主语)
You must have told her about it, haven’t you? 你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗?
10)have作为动词的反义疑问句:
①have to 的短语,且只充当一般动词的作用,助动词为do,does,和普通的一般疑问句没有任何差别,
提问还是用do,does引导。
We have to finish it ,don't we?
②当用have,has做助动词的时候,疑问句才用它们引导
如:She has seen it,hasn't she?这里的助动词就是has
③当陈述部分有had better,或其中的have表示完成时态时,疑问句应用hadn’t等开头:
You’d better get up early, hadn’t you?
④其他情况句中有have时疑问句应用don't等开头;如have表示“有”的时候,有两种形式:do或have
He has two sisters,doesn't he? =He has two sisters,hasn't he?
He doesn't have any sisters, does he?
⑤当must+have done表示对过去的情况进行推测(一般句中有明确的过去时间状语),问句要根据陈
述部分谓语的情况用“didn't+主语”或“wasn't/weren't+主语”;
如果强调动作的完成(一般没有明确的过去时间状语),问句要用“haven't/hasn't+主语”。
She must have read the novel last week,didn't she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说,是吗?
You must have told her about it, haven't you?你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗?
11)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
12)感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语。
What colours, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?
13)陈述部分由neither…nor, either…or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
14)陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
15)含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
16)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
17)陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
18)陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
反意疑问句的回答
无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。
例---He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球,是吗?
---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是。
---His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?
---Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不,她参加了。/ 是的,她没参加。
反意疑问句的练习
1. You’d rather watch TV this evening, ______?
A. isn’t it B. hadn’t you C. wouldn’t you D. won’t you
2. I suppose you’re not going today, ______?
A. are you B. do I C. don’t I D. aren’t you
3. I wish to shake hands with you, ______?
A. shall I B. may IC. do I D. will I
4.There is little water in the bottle,_______?
A. is it B.isn’t it C.is there D.isn’t there
5. They have to study a lot, ______?
A. don’t theyB. haven’t theyC. did they D. hadn’t they
6. Let’s go and play basketball,_______?
A.do you B.shall we C.will you D.don’t you
7. I'm sure dirty, ______?
A. am IB. isn’t IC. aren’t I D. am not I
8. —She has gone abroad,_______?
—No. She is still teaching us English at our school now.
A.is she B.isn’t she C.has she D.hasn’t she
9. That’s the sort of the book you want, ______?
A. is it B. isn’t thatC. is thatD. isn’t it
10. Go and open the door for us ,_______?
A.don’t you B.shall we C.won’t you D.do you