第三版新视野大学英语读写教程1课后答案1-8单元

Unite 1

1.选词填空

explore(v.勘探， 探测) transmit(v.传送，传递， 传播) resource(n.资源) emerge(v.出现， 为···所公认) yield(v.产生， 出产， 屈从， 让步) pose(v.摆姿势， 导致)assume(v.认为，假定， 假设) confidence(n.信任信赖， 自信心) inherit(v.沿袭，秉承，继承) comprehensive(a.综合的， 多方面的)

1. Given the chance to show his ability, he regainedconfidence and began tosucceed in school.

2. It is so difficult to explore the bottom of the ocean because some parts are verydeep.

3. It was about 30 seconds before Alex emerged from the water; we were quitescared.

4. We often assume that when other people do the same things as we do, they dothem for the same reasons; but this assumption is not always reasonable.

5. There is widespread concern that the rising unemployment may pose a threat tosocial stability.

6. After a(n) comprehensive physical exam, my doctor said I was in good conditionexcept that my blood pressure was a little high.

7. It is well known that China is a country with rich natural resources and a very bigpopulation.

8. Some people believe that the earth canyield enough food to support at least twiceits present population.

9. Saminherited the gift of imagination from his family, but he lacked the drivingpower to take action.

10. A bee that has found honey is able to transmit to other bees the informationthey need in order to collect the honey.

2.15 选 10

attain 赢得， 获得， 得到 fascinating 迷人的， 吸引人 fulfill 履行， 执行pursue 追求， 致力于 available 可获得的可利用的 qualify 使合适， 合格raise 提升， 增加 passion 强烈的爱好， 热爱 virtually 实际上classify 分类归类 acquire 获得， 取得， 学到 fashionable 流行的especially 特别的 sample 样品， 标本 prosperous 繁荣的University students come from different parts of the country with various purposes.However, a closer look at their reasons for studying at the university will enable us to

(1)classify them roughly into three groups: those who have a(n) 

(2)passion forlearning, those who wish to

 (3)attain a bright future, and those who learn with noefinite purpose. Firstly, there are many students who learn simply because they

(4)pursue their goal of learning. Some read a wealth of British and American novelsbecause they are keenly interested in literature. Others sit in front of the computerscreen, working on a new program, 

(5)virtually day and night, because they findsome computer programs (6)fascinating, and they dream of becoming a "Bill Gates"one day. Secondly, there are students who work hard mainly for a better and more

(7)prosperous future. It seems that the majority of students fall into this group. Afteradmission to the university, they read books after books to 

(8)acquire knowledgefrom all of the resources which are

 (9)available to them, and finally, to succeed in thefuture job market. Thirdly, there are still some students who learn without a cleargoal. They take courses, finish homework, enjoy life on campus, but don't want to

(10)sample anything new or challenging. They have no idea what they will be doingafter college. And they may end up with nothing in their lives.

3.选词组

open the door to 给···以机会 in advance 预先， 提前all at once 同时， 一下子 reap the benefits (of)得享（某事物） 的好处 make the mostof最大限度的利用某物 over time 逐渐地， 慢慢地get by 过活， 活的去 stand a chance (of)有（做成某事） 的希望remind ... of使某人想起take pleasure in 乐于做某事

1. My familygot by on my father's unemployment benefit after he lost his job.

2. Many subway riders read books or listen to music in order to make the most oftheir time on the way to work.

3. In order to make sure he would be able to attend the meeting, I called him up twoweeksin advance.

4. Experts say our company is amazing in that sales have been increasing steadilyover time .

5. In order to reap the benefits of the physical exercise, you have to exerciseregularly, and for at least half an hour each time.

6. They all tried to talk all at once , but I couldn't hear anything they said.

7. Yellow flowers in the field always remindmeof my childhood in the countryside.

8. We have been practicing for so long and so hard that our team should stand achance ofwinning the game.

9. Research on genes will open the door to exciting new medical treatments.

10. Everyone of you has made a contribution and I take pleasure inacknowledging what each of you has done to make this academic convention such asuccess.

4.汉译英

孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（Confucianism） 的创始人， 被尊称为古代的"圣人"（sage）。 他的言论和生平活动记录在《论语》（TheAnalects）一书中。《论语》 是中国古代文化的经典著作， 对后来历代的思想家、文学家、 政治家产生了很大影响。 不研究《论语》， 就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。 孔子的很多思想， 尤其是其教育思想， 对中国社会产生了深远的影响。在 21 世纪的今天， 孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视， 而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。

Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder ofConfucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient "sage". His words andife story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chineseculture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years' traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius' thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.

Unite 2

1. 选词填空

embarrass（使尴尬， 使窘迫） polish（擦光， 擦亮， 修改， 上润光剂） emotional（情绪上的， 情感上的） efficiency（效率， 效能） curb（控制。 抑制） await（等待）donation（捐助）dump（丢弃， 扔掉） stuff（装满， 填满） historical 有关历史的

1. He has a special feeling for the brilliant birds, and each spring he eagerly awaitstheir return.

2. Thanks to the efficiency of air transport, everyone is free to go anywhere at anytime.

3. John believes that the donation of food to the hungry is more helpful than givingmoney.

4. Mary was a careful speaker; every word seemed to have been polished before itwas allowed to escape through her lips.

5. When she heard it was snowing in the city they were going to, shestuffed twomore sweaters into her bag.

6. During our stay in Europe we visited many places of historical interest, includingseveral castles.

7. The wedding ceremony of my sister was a very emotional experience for ourfamily.

8. He was embarrassd when he discovered that he didn't have enough money to payfor the red wine he had ordered.

9. The local government is pressed to find new places to waste. 10. The newsystem designed to dump harmful emissions (排放物) from factories will be putinto use soon.

10. The new system designed tocurb harmful emissions (排放物) from factories willbe put into use soon.

2.15 选 10

emotional令人动情的，感情脆弱的 romantic 浪漫的多情的空想的ridiculous可笑的，荒谬的 overwhelmed 淹没压倒embarrassment 窘迫， 难堪 appreciate 感激欣赏增值curious 好奇的 awkwardness 笨拙粗略难为情cultivate 耕作种植 reverse 反转颠倒parental 父母的亲本的 therefore 因此， 所以reduce 减少缩小 beloved 被热爱的， 亲爱的otherwise 否则另外

Parents and teenagers have different or even opposite things to worry about. For example, while a mother might have a hard time understanding why her teenagers' room is always a(n)

 (1)embarrassment of dirty stuff, the teenagers are more worried about their next exams and may think it is 

(2)ridiculousfor their mother to insist on keeping a clean room. It is therefore important for you to 

(3)appreciate the differences and learn to communicate with your teenagers properly. 

(4)otherwise, our teenagers may say nothing and shut you out of their personal lives. Their refusalto talk with you may even create 

(5)emotional stress in your life.Learning effectiveways to communicate can 

(6)reverse the situation of a difficult relationship,

(7)reduce the stress of your life, and lead to a friendly relationship with yourteenagers. First, you should learn to discuss serious problems in daily conversations.So, important topics, such as driving a vehicle and building a(n) 

(8) romantic relationship, could be dealt with through daily conversations.Second, learn to be an active listener. Many parents are so (9)overwhelmed with their work that they could hardly take some time for their (10)beloved children. Spend your time listening carefully to what your children like to talk about, and make sure your children feel they are being taken seriously. This will increase the chances of good communication.

3.选词组

make it 获得成功， 准时到达 with open arms 热烈地， 欣然strip off揭开去掉脱掉keep back 抑制， 控制， 隐瞒free of/from 无···拜托了···的 after all 毕竟终究straighten up 直起身， 把···弄整洁 throw away 扔掉丢弃

1. After 10 years of full-time training, she has finally make it as a professionaldancer.

2.After all , what is the point in taking part in the competitive event if the result isonly to prove how incompetent you are?

3. Redecorating the house is a challenging task. It's necessary to strip off the wallpaper first.

4. I never really had any problems with change. On the contrary, I welcome change with open arms .

5. A lot of what we throw away is made from raw materials which are not renewable.

6. Megan and John realized that their house was too messy for a new baby, so they ecided to straighten up their house before the baby was born.

7. Jennifer couldn't keep back her tears when she saw the sick children at a new blood cancer center in Virginia.

8. We want to give all children a world free of/from violence.

4.汉译英

每年农历（Chinese lunar calendar） 八月十五是我国的传统节日 —— 中秋节（theMid-Autumn Festival）。 这时是一年秋季的中期， 所以被称为中秋。 中秋节的一项重要活动是赏月。夜晚， 人们赏明月、 吃月饼， 共庆中秋佳节。 中秋节也是家庭团圆的时刻， 远在他乡的游子， 会借此寄托自己对故乡和亲人的思念之情。 中秋节的习俗很多，都寄托着人们对美好生活的热爱和向往。自 2008 年起， 中秋节成为中国的法定节假日。

According to the Chinese lunar calendar, August 15 of every year is a traditional Chinese festival — the Mid-Autumn Festival. This day is the middle of autumn, so it\s called Mid-Autumn. One of the important Mid-Autumn Festival activities is to enjoy the moon. On that night, people gather together to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking up at the bright moon and eating moon cakes. The festival is also a time for family reunion. People living far away from home will express their feelings of missing their hometowns and families at this festival. There are many customs to celebrate the festival, all expressing people's love and hope for a happy life. Since 2008, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become an official national holiday in China.

Unite 3

1. 选词填空

response 反应， 响应 transform 使改观， 使变形focus 焦点重点， 集中于··· analyze 分析， 剖析estimate 估计， 估算 competitive 竞争性强的， 有竞争力的compensate 补偿， 弥补 adopt 采用采纳收养typical 典型的有代表的 regulate 调整校准调节

1. To make our companiescompetitive in the market, we have to be more creative and productive.

2. People are beginning to realize that totransform nature at will is the biggest mistake that man has ever made.

3. It is difficult to conclude what a(n) typical student does in his spare time because every student has different interests.

4. A month ago I wrote to the store complaining about its bad service, but I haven't gotten a(n) response yet.

5. Some of your suggestions have been adopted , but others have been turned down as they are not workable.

6. All of a sudden, he lost his interest in engineering, andfocused his attention on learning a foreign language.

7. If a company decreases health benefits for its employees, they should increase salaries to compensate the workers.

8. I failed to pass the exam although I had worked very hard. I should analyzethe causes of my failure.

9. When you do yoga, try to regulate your breathing. Don't breathe too fast and make sure you breathe only through your nose.

10. It was difficult toestimate how many people had been wounded in the earthquake.

2.15 选 10

complex 复杂的 access享用权，享用机会preferred 提出， 提升 require 要求undergraduate 大学生大学的 accountable 可解释的可说明的acquire 获得得到 tranmits 传输传送indispensable 不可或缺的 creativity 创造性， 创造力referred 提及， 针对 seeks 寻找， 追求post邮件，张贴，快速行进 connectivity 连通性transform 改变改观

There have been increased demands for higher education to provide students with better courses and more opportunities. To deal with this 

(1) complex issue, colleges and universities are turning to the Internet for quick 

(2)access to its rich educational resources. Now the Internet has been accepted as the 

(3)preferred technology to many other methods in colleges and universities. Many teachers now routinely

(4)post their teaching materials online. A growing number of schools offer at leastsome 

(5)courses over the Internet. There are two different models of making use of the Internet for higher education. The first model 

(6)undergraduate to improveexisting courses by using the Internet. This model provides high-speed Internet

(7)connectivity to all students, faculty, and staff. While this model uses the Internet, itdoesn't 

(8)require many changes, and it keeps most existing institutional structures unchanged. A different, more revolutionary model regards the Internet as

(9)indispensable to an important change in higher education, for it is believed that the Internet can 

(10)transform teacher-centered instruction into student-centered learning.This, as a result, will bring about basic change to our university education.

3.选词组

keep up with 保持， 同步，和朋友保持联系set up 建立设立创立fire off开枪， 匆忙发出 take the lead 树立榜样， 带头add to 增加， 增添 stand out 显眼， 突出， 出色in large part 多半， 在很大程度上 visit with 叙谈闲谈account for 占据， 是···的原因， 解释 at a disadvantage 处于不利地位的

1. I firedoff a letter of complaint to the manager of the store as soon as I found theyhad sold me a pair of mismatched shoes.

2. People browse the Internet, read newspapers and watch TV to keep up with whatis happening in the world.

3. The university has set up another large laboratory for students to design more complicated robots.

4. I find it very difficult toaccount for the fact that two of our best students failed the exam.

5. In the current economy, with unemployment high and competition for jobs fierce,your resume needs tostand out for all t e right reasons.

6. She is getting popular since she appeared in a TV interview last month. Her new movie will no doubt add to her growing fame.

7. The developed countries shouldtake the lead in reducing greenhouse gas emissions(排放) and provide support for the developing nations to follow.

8. If your spoken English is not very good, then you may be at a disadvantagewhen you are looking for a job.

9. Their success was due in large part to their well-conceived (周密策划的) plan.

10. He has been so occupied with his work these days that he barely has time tovisit with his friends.

4.汉译英

中国航天业开创于 1956 年。 几十年来， 中国航天事业创造了一个又一个奇迹。1970 年， 中国成功发射了第一颗人造地球卫星， 成为世界上第五个独立自主研制和发射人造地球卫星的国家。 1992 年， 中国开始实施载人航天飞行工程（manned spaceflight program）。 2003 年， 中国成功发射了"神舟五号"载人飞船，使中国成为第三个发射载人飞船的国家。 2007 年发射了"嫦娥一号"， 即第一颗绕月球飞行（lunar-orbiting） 的人造卫星。 2013 年， 第五艘载人飞船"神舟十号"发射成功，为中国空间站的建设打下了基础。

China's space industry was launched in 1956. Over the past decades, China's space industry has created one miracle after another. In 1970 China launched its first man-made earth satellite, ranking China the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch man-made earth satellites. In 1992 China began to carry out the manned spaceflight program. In 2003 China launched Shenzhou-5, a manned spaceship. The successful launch made China the third country to launchmanned spaceships. In 2007 Chang'e-1, the first lunar-orbiting man-made satellite,was sent to space. In 2013 Shenzhou-10, the fifth manned spaceship, was launched successfully, laying the foundation for building the Chinese Space Station.

Unite 4

1. 选词填空

Subsequent 后来的， 随后的 distinct 明显的， 清楚的Intense 热烈的， 强烈的 respond 回答， 响应Advocate 提倡， 拥护 involve 包含， 使参与Confine 限制， 局限于， 禁制 fulfill履行，执行Circumstance 环境， 境遇reconcile 使和好

1. Fortunately, the accident didn't involve many people, for there was littletraffic at that hour.

2. Shefulfilled her ambition of becoming a fashion designer after years of hardwork.

3. They kept on trying their best to develop their business, but in suchintensemarket competition, they had no idea if success would come along one day.

4. As music plays an important role in our life, many music teachers andeducatorsadvocate taking up a musical instrument at a young age.

5. This rule should be entirely clear in the minds of everyone and should not bemisunderstood under anycircumstances.

6. My daughter was shy; she was afraid to ask questions,respond to questions inclass, or talk with other children.

7. I got from him only a letter, which was put on my office desk;subsequent to thereceipt of this letter I have never heard from him.

8. The duties to provide services for children in need are notconfine to the localsocial services department.

9. We pray that all nations be reconciled and that all people around the world livein peace.

10. He suggested a small butdistinct improvement on our former plan; I reallyappreciate it.

2.15 选 10

involve包含，使参与 remarkable 异常的， 引人注目的focusing 调焦， 集中 showered 似雨般降落intense 热情的 applying 应用， 致力于pushed 推， 推动 commitment 承诺， 许诺tragedy 悲剧， 惨剧 advocate 提倡， 拥护hailed 下冰雹 tender 纤弱的， 温柔的fulfillment 完成， 实现

In January 2011, Daniel Hernandez saved congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords' lifein a mass shooting in Tucson. He kept her alive by 

(1)applying pressure to herwounds and speaking 

(2)tender words of sympathy until medical people arrived.He was

 (3)hailed as a hero by the public. Although his devotion to public service is 

(4)remarkable, in his book They Call Me a Hero: A Memoir of My Youth,Hernandez insists that he is not a hero. Hernandez said that he initially resistedthe idea of writing a book about his experience on that day of enormous

(5)tragedy. "I had been 

(6)pushed by a few publishers after the incident," he said."I thought heroes should be people who make a lifetime (7)commitment tohelping others." However, Hernandez, now a school board member, had cometo realize that he would be interested in writing a book 

(8)focusing on his publicservice."As a young official, I've faced some big challenges, and I want youngpeople to know that they need to face challenges and (9)involvethemselves in their communities." When asked if he had any plan with a second book,Hernandez said his major purpose at present was to continue to serve his community and pursue his passion as a(n) (10)advocate for education. "But I'mnot going to say no," he said.

3.选词组

in sb.'s words/in the words of sb.用某人的话来说count on 依靠指望 make sense of理解， 弄懂某事reserve for 预留， 保留 shield from 使···免受call on 呼吁， 号召 sum up 概括总结relate to 理解， 认同 in need 在困难时， 在贫困之中be/get caught up in 被卷入， 陷入

1. She held her hand above her eyes to shield them from the sun so that she couldsee more clearly the man in front of her.

2. The boy studied the signs for over an hour, but still could not make sense ofthem, so he turned to his teacher for help.

3. They calledon the developed countries to commit more money to protectingthe environment.

4. We will continue to care for those in need and work to establish a society thatis generous and prosperous.

5. Many people are/get caught up in careers and raising kids so that they forgetthat their marriages also need to be taken good care of.

6. My most favorite program is the one that deals with scientific subjects thatordinary people can relate to .

7. Finally, I would like to sum up by saying that it has been a tremendouspleasure to work with you all.

8. He is a person that you can always count on when you need help.

9. Betty loves reading.In her words, "Reading is the most wonderful thing in theworld."

10. This restaurant is very popular because it has some separate, smaller rooms reservedfor families with small children.

4.汉译英

郑和是中国历史上最著名的航海家（maritime explorer）。 公元 1405 年， 明朝的统治者为了稳固边防（border defense） 和开展海上贸易， 派郑和下西洋（theWestern Seas）。在此后的 28 年里， 郑和带领船队七下西洋， 前后出海的人员有 10 多万人， 访问了 30 多个国家和地区。 船队纵横南亚、 西亚， 一直到非洲大陆。 郑和下西洋是世界航海（navigation） 史上的壮举， 它展现了郑和卓越的航海和组织才能， 同时展现了明朝的国力和国威（national strength andprestige）， 加强了明朝和海外各国之间的关系。Zheng He was the most famous maritime explorer in Chinese history. In 1405 AD,the ruler of the Ming Dynasty sent Zheng He on a voyage to the Western Seas inorder to strengthen border defense and develop trade by sea. In the following 28years, Zheng He led his fleet, made seven voyages to the Western Seas with over100,000 crew members in total, and visited more than 30 countries and regions.The fleet traveled far into South Asia and West Asia, and made all the way to thecontinent of Africa. Zheng He's voyages to the Western Seas were a great feat inthe world's navigation history. It showed Zheng He's outstanding navigation andorganization talents; meanwhile, it exhibited the national strength and prestige ofthe Ming Dynasty, and strengthened the relationships between the Ming Dynasty  and the overseas countries.

Unite 5

1. 选词填空

substantial 大量的多的， 物质的 annual 一年一度的， 每年的amateur 业余爱好者， 业余爱好的 assemble 集合收集， 组装装配react 作出反应 furnish 提供， 供应distinction 优秀， 差别， 卓越 contract 契约， 合同apparent 表面的， 可看见的 magnificent 宏伟的， 壮观的， 华丽的

1. The annualconference which I attend every year is going to be held inLondon in January next year.

2. According to the terms of your contract, you must give three months'notice if you intend to leave this company.

3. We were honored that so many people of distinctionand talent were presentto discuss the issues.

4. The local government has been providing substantial support to them,without which they couldn't have been so successful.

5. The secret agent promised that the information hefurnished was obtainedfrom reliable sources.

6. Whether amateur or professional, American football is perhaps the mostpopular sport in the US. It attracts a total attendance of over 40 million and iswatched by many more millions on television each year.

7. Shops try to meet the DIY (do-it-yourself) fashion by offering consumersparts and hardware which they can assembleat home.

8. I wonder how she will react to the news if I tell her she is not going to get  a raise this year.

9. It was apparent that the professor's lecture failed to impress the studentsas some of them had left before it was over.

10. We all admitted that the trip was worthwhile after we saw a(n)magnificent palace and a fantastic museum.

2. 15 选 10

Amateur 业余爱好者，业余的endurance 耐久持久， 忍耐力Individual 个人的， 个人 independent 自主的，不相关联的Present 现在的， 目前的 despite 不管， 尽管Developed 先进的， 发达的 contests 争夺竞争Remarkable 异常的， 引人注目的 coined 创造Insurance 保险 inherent 固有的， 内在的， 天生Established 已建立的 contracts 契约Separate 分开分离For several centuries, cricket (板球) has been a very popular sport in England.It has been enjoyed by both professional and 

(1)(amateur) players. Thissuper-popular game is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11players. It can provide you with health benefits like building 

(2)(endurance),balance, and physical fitness. But for a team sport, cricket also places

(3)(individual) players under unusual pressure because every team player is

(4)(independent) of each other. Cricket might have started in early16th-century England. Written records (5)(present) evidence of a game knownas creag being played by Prince Edward at Newenden, Kent in 1301; and it ispossible, 

(6)(despite) no hard evidence, that this was a form of cricket. By theend of the 18th century, cricket had 

(7)(developed) into a national sport ofEngland. The growth of the British Empire led to cricket being played abroadand by the mid-19th century the first international 

(8)(contests) were held.Cricket has had a(n) 

(9)(remarkable) impact on popular culture in England. Ithas had an influence on the vocabulary of the English language, with suchphrases as that's not cricket 

(10)(coined) to describe unfair behavior ingeneral.

3. 选词组

regardless of不管 give away 暴露fall ill生病pass away 去世up to 达到， 至多 have no intention of doing sth.不打算做某事leave behind 把···抛在脑后忘记拿走 might (just) as well 还不如in attendance 出席 to this day 直到现在

1. I felt terribly sorry to learn that his sister (passed away) after having fought against cancer for three years.

2. The Chinese swimmer was (left behind) at the beginning of the women's100-meter freestyle final, but she didn't give up and finally took the lead.

3. The rich man thinks that he will die in disgrace if he does not (give away)his money for the public good.

4. They (had no intention of) letting him go and would like him to stay on after his present contract expires.

5. (Up to) seven million students are graduating from university this year.This will undoubtedly add to the employment pressure in the job market.

6. If he is determined to do something, he will do it (regardless of) what other people will say.

7. The movie was a complete waste of time. I (might (just) as well) have stayed at home.

8. The authorities promise to introduce an effective health service so that people do not need to spend too much money when they (fall ill) .

9. Thousands of people were (in attendance) at yesterday's strike, which caused great confusion.

10. They got to know each other in their 20s and (to this day) they are still in close touch with each other.

4. 汉译英

太极拳（Tai Chi） 是一种武术（martial arts） 项目， 也是一种健身运动，在中国有着悠久的历史。 太极拳动作缓慢而柔和， 适合任何年龄、 性别、体型的人练习。太极拳既可防身， 又能强身健体， 因而深受中国人的喜爱。太极拳在发展的过程中， 借鉴并吸收了中国传统哲学、 医术、 武术的合理内容（element）， 成为特色鲜明的一项运动。 作为中国特有的一种运动形式， 太极拳也越来越受到众多外国朋友的喜爱。

Tai Chi is a kind of martial arts, and a fitness exercise as well. It has a longhistory in China. With slow and gentle movements, Tai Chi is suitable forpeople of any age, sex, or body type to practice. It can be used to provideself-defense as well as build the body. Therefore, it has become very popularamong Chinese people. During its development, Tai Chi borrowed andabsorbed desirable elements from traditional Chinese philosophy, medicine, and martial arts, and it has developed into a sport with unique features. As a unique sport in China, Tai Chi is also gaining increasing popularity among many foreign friends.

Unite 6

1. 选词填空

Controversial 引起争论的， 有争议的 assess 评价， 评定resolve 解决， 下定决心 decrease 减少alter 使变化 abandon 放弃， 抛弃indicate 表明， 指示 undermine 逐渐削弱， 逐渐损害compromise 危及， 损害。 妥协和解 conventional 常例的， 传统的

1. Studies (indicate) that children who often take part in cooperative programs benefit a lot more than other children.

2. They are such a(n) (conventional) family — they must have been shocked when their son dyed (染) his hair pink.

3. Testing students by examinations has long been regarded as a reliable way to (assess) students' ability.

4. Many power stations have been modernized to give off less pollution, or they were moved further away from the living areas in order to(decrease) the damage.

5. Unemployment has come down slightly, but this does not (alter) thefact that it is still a major problem.

6. Mr. Smith is not doing well; the doctor told us that several colds (hasundermined) his health.

7. The best way to deal with problems at home is to talk things out calmly and honestly and try to reach a(n) (compromise) .

8. Darwin's theory of evolution remains (controversial) partly because it challenges the religious belief that God created man.

9. It was reported the president had (resolved) to fight if war was necessary, even if it meant destroying his chances of re-election.

10. I had to (abandon) one of my email accounts as it was filled with junk mail.

2. 15 选 10

Withdraw 撤走拿走 reliable 可靠的， 可信赖的Committing 保证， 承诺 decline 下降， 辞谢， 谢绝Opportunity 机会 contrasting 对比对照Interfering 干预妨碍 schedules安排，时刻表进度表Consistent 一致的， 连续的 burning 燃烧的发热的Decrease 减少， 减小 flexible 灵活的， 易弯曲的Compromising妥协，退让 generate 形成， 造成， 产生Circumstance 环境， 境遇

 college education cost is rising sharply. More and more collegestudents have to work in order to 

(1)(generate) income to supportthemselves. But how can you prevent working from

 (2)(interfering)withyour study? Firstly, plan your class and work 

(3)(schedules) as far aheadas possible. Arrange your classes in a way so that you have one or twodays for work. Secondly, use time well instead of 

(4)(burning) themidnight oil. Studying late until midnight may make you tired and take a(n)

5)(consistent) toll on your health. Use those 10 minutes waiting for thebus to read a few more pages. If your job has a lot of downtime (自由支配时间), use the 

(6)(opportunity) to do school assignments. Never try to cutcorners by copying assignments from other students. Thirdly, set a goalfor your academic performance. You'll probably have to 

(7)(decrease)your work hours, or even, if possible and necessary, 

(8)(withdraw) fromthe workforce to be successful in study. After all, it is not a good idea torisk 

(9)(compromising) your student career with part-time jobs. Fourthly,inform all your professors, teaching assistants and employers about yoursituation so that they can be 

(10)(flexible) as well. Winning their support isthe best way to keep them on your side.

3. 选词组

take a toll on 对···产生不良影响in other words 换言之， 换句话说drop out 退出， 脱离辍学 in turn 相应地， 依次地at risk (of)处境危险， 受到威胁 interfere with 妨碍阻止be accustomed to 习惯 contribute to 促成， 造成cut back on 削减， 缩减 hold on to继续感到，仍然相信

1. The new government has committed to (cutting back on) emissionsof greenhouse gases.

2. My parents do not object to my taking part-time jobs, but they remindme not to let them (interfere with) my school work.

3. Anger, worry, disappointment, these negative emotions (take a toll on)your heart, brain and body.

4. If a person adopts an unhealthy lifestyle, he will surely be (at risk of)developing diseases.

5. Most people were ready to give up on him when he (dropped out) ofschool, but later he returned and earned his degree.

6. Drinking too much can increase the risk of developing high bloodpressure, which (in turn) can lead to heart attack or stroke.

7. Low-cost airlines are emerging all over Asia; this will (contribute to)the development of the world's air-travel market as a whole.

8. When you move to a new country, you may find the food there strangeand you may miss the familiar smells of the food you (are accustomedto) in your own country.

9. Although he kept trying and failing, I always (held on to) the beliefthat he would succeed one day.

10. The tax only affects people with an annual income over $200,000 —(in other words) , it will only affect the very rich.

4. 汉译英

改革开放以来， 中国的教育事业得到了快速发展， 取得了引人瞩目的成就。 中国政府把教育摆在优先发展的地位， 坚持科教兴国（revitalizethe country）， 全面提倡素质教育 (quality-oriented education)。 同时，积极推进教育公平， 保障人人有受教育的机会。 中国的教育成就反映在两个不同的层面： 一个是全面普及了九年义务教育（ nine-yearcompulsory education）， 另一个是实现了高等教育大众化（mass highereducation）。 教育的发展为中国的经济发展和社会进步作出了重大贡献。近年来， 为适应社会、 经济发展的需要， 中国政府不断加快培养各领域的急需人才。

Since its economic reform and opening-up to the world, China's educationhas gone through rapid development and made remarkable achievements.The Chinese government gives top priority to the development ofeducation, persists in revitalizing the country by science and education,and fully advocates quality-oriented education. Meanwhile, it activelypromotes equality in education to guarantee everyone access to education.China's achievements in education can be reflected in two different layers:One is the popularization of the nine-year compulsory education; the otheris the realization of mass higher education. The development of educationhas made significant contributions to China's economic development andsocial progress. In recent years, to satisfy the needs of social and economicdevelopment, the Chinese government has sped up the training of qualifiedpersonnel urgently needed in various fields.

Unit 8

1. Multinational corporations protested strongly against anyunreasonable(interference) by some countries in the free marketplace.

2.At the time a real threat of a(n)(invasion) of the British Isles existed, so the Britishtroops were gathered around the coastline to get ready to fight against an invadingfleet.

3. (Consumption) is relatively low, and it shows that the economic problem in thecountry stems from the dangerous side effects of careless politics and widespreadpoverty.

4. The wedding(procession) was of an enormous size and enormous splendor, whichwas started homeward and followed by a large banquet at a luxury hotel.

5. When doing writing exercises for that English course, students should rememberthat they are writing according to(specific) structures.

6. Among close family and good friends,(deception) is the worst part of life, and webelieve in practicing good faith and honesty.

7. Jobs are(scarce) at the moment, so you should be realistic in your choices about thepay, working hours, medical benefits, bonuses, etc.

8. The writer was thinking about writing some kind of(thrillers) because it would helphim become popular through making his plot more attractive to the young.

Banked ClozeThe animal rights movement is a social movement which seeks an end to usinganimals in the research, food, clothing, and entertainment industries, 

(1) (hence) beingcalled animal liberation. It advocates the idea that the most basic interests ofnon-human creatures should be 

(2) (afforded) the same consideration as those ofhuman beings. Advocates 

(3) (lobby) for animal rights from different aspects,ranging from the focus on animal suffering in laboratories to the argument that 

(4)(insists) on not casting animals as properties of human beings. Despite the differentapproaches, advocates broadly 

(5) (consent) to the opinion that animals should beviewed as non-human members of the moral community and should be 

(6) (omitted)from being food, clothing, entertainment, or research subjects. The idea of 

(7)(awarding) rights to animals wins the support of several prominent scholars.However, some critics argue that animals are unable to enter into a social contract ormoral 

(8) (compass) and for that reason cannot be granted rights. Only humans haveduties and, therefore, only humans have rights. There is nothing wrong or 

(9) (evil)about using animals as resources so long as there is no unnecessary suffering. Fromwithin the animal rights movement itself, there has also been 

(10) (criticism) ofcertain forms of animal rights activism, in particular the destruction of fur farms andanimal laboratories.

Language Focus – Expressions in Use

1. Some people have(persisted in) a traditional view that language learning isessentially the same as the learning of grammar or language rules.

2. Regular review of the teaching material in school ensures that the coursesprovided(have relevance to) the workplace and what students will do in the future.

3. Job opportunities are expanding rapidly, and more and more people are(becomingaware of) online chances that allow them to work at home.

4. They have put old women in nursing "homes",(isolated from) human warmth andcontact, and then complained that they had lost their mental abilities.

5. Some organizations are exploiting local people(in the name of) scientific research:They are collecting genetic material for commercial purposes.

6. Day care centers for the elderly(make a contribution) to overall public service; theydid a lot to make the life of the old active, valuable and meaningful.

7. The policeman has(been occupied with) extra duties, so he would not have the timeeither for answering questions or being interviewed.

8. What the chairman said did not(tip the scales) much to his advantage; his statementcan be only considered as a slim chance for gaining approval.

英译汉

The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international non-governmentalorganization working on issues regarding the conservation, research and restoration ofthe environment. The organization was originally named the World Wildlife Fund in1961. In 1986, it changed its name to World Wide Fund for Nature to better reflect thescope of its activities. With over five million supporters worldwide, it is the world'slargest independent conservation organization, working in more than 100 countriesand supporting about 1,300 conservation and environmental projects. Its mission is tostop destroying the planet's natural environment and to build a future in whichhumans live in harmony with nature. Currently, much of its work focuses on theconservation of oceans and coasts, forests, and freshwater. Among other issues, it isalso concerned with endangered species, pollution and climate change. They nowneed, above all, money to carry out its missions and handle conservation emergencies.

世界自然基金会（WWF） 是一个致力于有关保护、 研究和修复环境议题的国际性非政府组织。 该组织最初于 1961 年被命名为世界野生动物基金会。 1986年， 它更名为世界自然基金会， 以更好地反映其活动范围。 它是世界上最大的、独立的自然保护组织， 拥有世界各地超过 500 万的支持者， 在 100 多个国家开展工作， 并援助约 1,300 个与自然和环境保护有关的项目。 它的任务是阻止破坏地球的生态环境， 建立一个能使人类与自然和谐相处的未来。 目前， 其大部分工作都集中在对海洋和海岸、 森林、 淡水的保护。 在其他问题上， 它也关注濒危物种，污染和气候变化。 现在他们最需要的是资金， 以履行其使命和处理与自然保护有关的突发事件。



汉译英

新 中 国 成 立 以 来 ， 特 别 是 改 革 开 放 以 来 ， 中 国 政 府 在 生 态 环 境(eco-environmental) 保护方面做出了大量努力， 取得了有效进展。 政府采取了一系列保护和改善生态环境的重大举措， 譬如积极推进重点生态工程， 加强生态系统建设(ecosystem) 及生物多样性保护(biodiversity conservation)， 建立了一批自然保护区(nature reservation)、 生态示范区(ecological demonstration zones)、 风景名胜区和森林公园。 加强生态环境的保护和建设， 实现人与自然和谐相处， 是构建社会主义和谐社会（harmonious society）的重要目标之一。 环境保护和生态文明建设为中国经济、社会的可持续发展提供了坚实的基础。

Since the founding of New China, especially since the economic reform anddoor-opening to the world, the Chinese government has made considerable efforts ineco-environmental protection and achieved effective progress. The government hastaken a series of important measures to protect and improve the ecologicalenvironment, such as actively promoting key ecological projects, enhancingecosystem construction and biodiversity conservation, establishing a number of naturereservations, ecological demonstration zones, scenic spots and forest parks. One of theimportant goals of building a socialist harmonious society is to strengthen ecologicalprotection and construction and to achieve harmony between man and nature.Environmental protection and ecological civilization construction have provided asolid foundation for the sustainable development of China's economy and society.